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Archive > Volume 10 Issue 4 > 2018,10(4):379-387. DOI:10.1016/j.chmed.2018.08.001 Prev Next

柳葉白前與芫花葉白前的生藥學(xué)研究

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Pharmacognostical study of Cynanchum stauntonii and Cynanchum glaucescens, Botanical Sources of TCM Baiqian

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    摘要:
    目的：柳葉白前Cynanchum stauntonii (Decne.) Schltr.ex Lévl.和芫花葉白前Cynanchum glaucescens (Decne.) Hand.-Mazz.為歷版《中國藥典》收載的白前品種。但到目前為止，白前藥材和飲片的鑒別項下均缺少顯微鑒別項目。本課題對柳葉白前和芫花葉白前進行了以顯微鑒別為重點的生藥學(xué)研究，為白前的鑒定工作及《中國藥典》2020 年版的編制工作提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法：采用植物分類學(xué)方法、性狀鑒定方法、常規(guī)顯微鑒別技術(shù)和偏振光顯微鑒別技術(shù)、實時景深拓展拍攝技術(shù)，對 12 批柳葉白前和 3 批芫花葉白前進行全面的生藥學(xué)研究。 結(jié)果： 通過全面的生藥學(xué)對比研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了柳葉白前和芫花葉白前在原植物、藥材性狀、顯微特征方面的異同點。從植物分類學(xué)上：柳葉白前葉為狹披針形，兩端漸尖，有長約5 mm 的葉柄；芫花葉白前葉長圓形或長圓狀披針形，頂端鈍或急尖，葉柄短或無柄。從性狀鑒別上：柳葉白前與芫花葉白前根莖斷面都有髓部，但柳葉白前髓部空腔約占根莖直徑的 1/2，芫花葉白前無髓腔或髓腔小，占根莖直徑的 1/3 以下。從顯微鑒別方面：兩者木質(zhì)部所占比例大小有顯著的差異；從兩種白前粉末制片觀察，柳葉白前根莖含黃色分泌物的類圓形的分泌細胞及乳汁管碎片，芫花葉白前根莖則不含分泌細胞及乳汁管。結(jié)論：柳葉白前和芫花葉白前的主要鑒別點為根莖髓腔與木質(zhì)部的比例大小、以及根莖分泌細胞、乳汁管碎片等顯微粉末特征。

    Abstract:
    Objective Cynanchum stauntonii and Cynanchum glaucescens are botanical species of Baiqian (Cynanchi Stauntonii Rhizoma et Radix) in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, in which, however, there are no microscopic identification. So we provided the morphological and microscopic identification of the crude drug for updating Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Methods Twelve batches of C. stauntonii and three batches of C. glaucescens and their crude drugs were taxonomically, morphologically, and microscopically examined. Results Taxonomically, C. stauntonii had narrowly lanceolate leaves with acuminate apex and 5 mm long petiole; Whereas C. glaucescens was oblong-lanceolate or oblong with rounded or acute apex in leaves, and had very short or no petiole. Morphologically, rhizomes of C. stauntonii and C. glaucescens both had hollow pith, but the hollow pith occupied about a half of the rhizome’s diameter in C. stauntonii, whereas only a very small proportion of the overall diameter in C. glaucescens. Moreover, microscopic observation showed the difference in the proportion of xylem and in rhizome transverse-sections of the two species along with the difference in the size of the pith. Finally, laticifers and rhizome epidermal secretory cells were present in the powders of C. stauntonii, but absent from C. glaucescens. Conclusion Based on observation of morphological and microscopic characteristics, the two species can be distinguished by the size of the pith, proportion of xylem of rhizomes, and crude drug powder characters such as laticifers and secretory cells.

    關(guān)鍵詞:
    白前;柳葉白前;芫花葉白前;生藥學(xué);顯微鑒定;性狀鑒定

    Keywords:


    Project Supported:
    National Science & Technology Major Project “Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program” (2009ZX09308-005)

    Clc Number:

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