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Archive > Volume 16 Issue 1 > 2024,16(1):13-26. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2023.01.007 Prev Next

藥用植物中活性成分的生物合成與生產(chǎn)策略

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Strategies on biosynthesis and production of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants

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    摘要:
    藥用植物是醫(yī)療保健和疾病治療的基本藥物與中藥產(chǎn)品的寶貴來源。相較于化學(xué)合成和傳統(tǒng)的植物提取，藥用植物活性天然產(chǎn)物的生物合成是一種綠色高效的新型替代方法，其快速發(fā)展將極大地促進(jìn)藥用植物資源保護(hù)與可持續(xù)利用。本文總結(jié)了有關(guān)藥用植物天然產(chǎn)物生物合成與生產(chǎn)的策略與方法，主要包括基因工程、植物組織培養(yǎng)工程、代謝工程和基于多組學(xué)“OMICS”技術(shù)的合成生物學(xué)。此外，我們以長春多林（生物堿）、青蒿素和紫杉醇（萜類化合物）為例，重點(diǎn)討論了具有重要藥用價(jià)值的天然產(chǎn)物生物合成的研究進(jìn)展，闡明上述策略與方法在藥用植物活性成分合成生物學(xué)研究中的應(yīng)用。

    Abstract:
    Medicinal plants are a valuable source of essential medicines and herbal products for healthcare and disease therapy. Compared with chemical synthesis and extraction, the biosynthesis of natural products is a very promising alternative for the successful conservation of medicinal plants, and its rapid development will greatly facilitate the conservation and sustainable utilization of medicinal plants. Here, we summarize the advances in strategies and methods concerning the biosynthesis and production of natural products of medicinal plants. The strategies and methods mainly include genetic engineering, plant cell culture engineering, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology based on multiple ‘‘OMICS” technologies, with paradigms for the biosynthesis of terpenoids and alkaloids. We also highlight the biosynthetic approaches and discuss progress in the production of some valuable natural products, exemplifying compounds such as vindoline (alkaloid), artemisinin and paclitaxel (terpenoids), to illustrate the power of biotechnology in medicinal plants.

    關(guān)鍵詞:
    ：生物合成策略;生物技術(shù);天然產(chǎn)物;藥用植物;合成生物學(xué)

    Keywords:


    Project Supported:
    This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81973422) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS, 2021-I2M-1-071).

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