Phylogenetic and spatial patterns of herbal medicine compounds: Which medicinal plants are phytochemically characterized?

doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2024.07.001

Archive > Volume 16 Issue 4 > 2024,16(4):589-598. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2024.07.001 Prev Next

草藥化合物的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育和空間模式：哪些藥用植物代謝物被表征？

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Phylogenetic and spatial patterns of herbal medicine compounds: Which medicinal plants are phytochemically characterized?

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摘要:

藥用植物的植物代謝產(chǎn)物及其系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分布的研究是藥用植物親緣學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容。 2021年至2023年間，各種藥用植物代謝物的鑒定和表征取得了穩(wěn)步進展。在這里，我們進一步表征了《中草藥》中英文版雜志上報道的1648種植物代謝物，包括萜類、類固醇、黃酮類、苯丙素、酚類、生物堿等，從系統(tǒng)發(fā)育和地理空間分布角度考查兩刊報道的化合物特征。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)特征，將萜類、黃酮類、生物堿類和苯丙素類進一步細分為亞類，并首次在亞類和系統(tǒng)發(fā)育水平上對植物代謝物的研究進行了闡述。三年內(nèi)，兩本期刊報道了90個科的植物代謝物。值得注意的是，具有多種生物活性的萜類化合物仍然是植物化學(xué)研究的主要對象，其次是黃酮類、酚類、苯丙素類和生物堿類。已報道的物種中，以菊科最多，其次是唇形科、豆科、毛茛科。在已報道的植物代謝物的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分布中，NRI（凈相關(guān)性指數(shù)）結(jié)果揭示了三萜、環(huán)烯醚萜、黃酮、黃酮醇、香豆素、吲哚生物堿和萜類生物堿的聚類結(jié)構(gòu)，而NTI（最近分類指數(shù)）則確定了三萜、倍半萜、吲哚生物堿和萜類生物堿的聚類結(jié)構(gòu)。尤其是毛茛科植物中，關(guān)于三萜和萜類生物堿亞類的報道較多。NRI和NTI分別提示二萜和酚類代謝物的過度分散模式，盡管更多報道的二萜和酚類來自唇形科。已報道物種及其化合物的地理分布熱點凸顯了草藥研究和中藥產(chǎn)業(yè)的巨大進步，這對未來藥物發(fā)現(xiàn)和開發(fā)發(fā)揮著積極作用。這些結(jié)果為在藥用植物親緣學(xué)背景下感知和評估藥用植物化學(xué)的研究趨勢和熱點提供了新的維度和視角。

Abstract:

Objective: The study of phytometabolites of medicinal plants and their phylogenetic distribution is an important content of pharmacophylogeny. The objectives of this study were to provide an updated estimate of the extent to which the medicinal plants were investigated phytochemically and relate this to the species-level phylogeny and their geographical pattern. Methods: Here, we further characterized 1 648 phytometabolites, including terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics, alkaloids, etc., reported in journals Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs (Zhong Cao Yao) and Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) from the phylogenetic and spatial perspectives. According to the structural characteristics, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenylpropanoids were subdivided into subclasses, and the research effort of phytometabolites was for the first time delineated at both subclass and phylogenetic levels. Results: The phytometabolites of 90 families were reported on two journals in three years. It is noted that terpenoids with diverse bioactivities still constitute the primary object of phytochemical research, followed by flavonoids, phenolics, phenylpropanoids and alkaloids. Among the reported species, the family Asteraceae had the most, followed by Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, and Ranunculaceae. In the phylogenetic distribution of the reported phytometabolites, the net relatedness index (NRI) results revealed a clustered structure for triterpene, iridoid, flavone, flavonol, coumarin, indole alkaloid and terpenoid alkaloid, while the nearest taxon index (NTI) metric identified the clustered structure for triterpene, sesquiterpene, indole alkaloid and terpenoid alkaloid. Especially in Ranunculaceae, there were more reports on triterpene and terpenoid alkaloid subclasses. The overdispersion pattern of diterpene and phenolic was suggested by NRI and NTI respectively, albeit more reported diterpenes and phenolics were in Lamiaceae. The geographical distribution hotspots of reported species and compounds thereof highlighted the enormous progress of herbal medicine research and industry, which play a positive role in the future drug discovery and development. Conclusion: These results provide new dimensions and perspectives in the context of pharmacophylogeny for perceiving and evaluating research trends and flashpoints in medicinal phytochemistry.

關(guān)鍵詞:

地理分布;藥用植物;藥用植物親緣學(xué);植物代謝物;系統(tǒng)發(fā)育信號

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This study was supported by Graduate Training Program Project of Dalian Jiaotong University (No. 2022-25).

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