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Archive > Volume 17 Issue 1 > 2025,17(1):56-69. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2024.09.004 Prev Next

黃芪多糖綜述：提取工藝、結(jié)構(gòu)特征、生物活性和應(yīng)用

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Review of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides: Extraction process, structural features, bioactivities and applications

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    摘要:
    目的：黃芪（Astragalus membranaceus，A. membranaceus）具有增強(qiáng)免疫力、保護(hù)肝臟、利尿、抗衰老、抗應(yīng)激、抗高血壓等功能，并有較廣泛的抗菌作用。多糖是膜草的主要活性成分之一，被認(rèn)為是其用途廣泛的原因。目前，有必要對膜草多糖（AMPs）的研究進(jìn)展和前景進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)總結(jié)，以促進(jìn)其進(jìn)一步研究和應(yīng)用。 方法： 在這篇綜述中，我們強(qiáng)調(diào)了 AMPs 的最佳提取方法、結(jié)構(gòu)特征、生物活性和應(yīng)用。此外，還分析和闡明了結(jié)構(gòu)-活性關(guān)系。 結(jié)果： 溶劑萃取法、超聲波萃取法、微波萃取法、酶輔助萃取法、超高壓萃取法和聯(lián)合萃取法已被用于提取 AMPs。其中，溶劑萃取是最常用的方法，因?yàn)樗唵我撞僮?，但效率有待進(jìn)一步提高。超高壓法效率最高，但經(jīng)濟(jì)效益較低。AMPs 具有多種生物活性，包括免疫調(diào)節(jié)、抗腫瘤和抗糖尿病。 結(jié)論：結(jié)構(gòu)-活性關(guān)系揭示了不同的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)型、鏈構(gòu)象和物理性質(zhì)會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的生物活性。然而，某些多糖的新純化方法、詳細(xì)的 SAR、生物活性機(jī)制以及 AMPs 的質(zhì)量控制還需要廣泛研究。

    Abstract:
    Astragalus membranaceus possesses the function of enhancing immunity, protecting the liver, diuretic, anti-aging, anti-stress, anti-hypertensive, and more extensive antibacterial effects. Polysaccharides, one kind of the major active ingredients of A. membranaceus, are considered to be responsible for their versatile use. Now, a systematic summary of research progress and prospects of polysaccharides from A. membranaceus polysaccharides (AMPs) is necessary to facilitate their further study and application. In this review, the optimal extraction methods, structural features, biological activities, and applications of AMPs were emphasized. The structure–activity relationships are also analyzed and elucidated. Solvent, ultrasonic, microwave, enzyme-assisted, ultra-high pressure, and combined methods have been used to extract AMPs. Among them, solvent extraction is the most commonly used method because it is simple and easy to operate, but the efficiency needs to be improved further. The ultra-high pressure method is the most efficient but has a low economic return. AMPs exhibited various bioactivities, including immunomodulation, antitumor, and antidiabete. The structure–activity relationships revealed that different structure configurations, chain conformations, and physical properties would have different bioactivities. However, the new method for purification of certain polysaccharides, detailed structure–activity relationships (SAR), mechanisms of bioactivities, and quality control of AMPs need to be extensively investigated.

    關(guān)鍵詞:
    抗糖尿病活性;抗腫瘤;應(yīng)用;黃芪;黃芪多糖;提取工藝;免疫調(diào)節(jié);構(gòu)效關(guān)系

    Keywords:


    Project Supported:
    This work was supported by Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. ZYYCXTD-D-202005), Key project at central government level (No. 2060302), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81872956), and Special Project for Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Qinghai Province (No. 2021-SF-150).

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