中草藥的使用已有數(shù)千年的歷史，對(duì)于各種疾病包括腫瘤的治療都取得了十分寶貴的人體經(jīng)驗(yàn)。豐富的中草藥資源也為尋找新抗癌藥提供了重要的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。從傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)藥理論結(jié)合現(xiàn)代科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)從4個(gè)方面闡述了進(jìn)一步從中草藥中發(fā)現(xiàn)新抗癌藥的途徑，以期對(duì)天然產(chǎn)物來(lái)源的新抗癌藥物的發(fā)現(xiàn)起到一定的啟發(fā)與促進(jìn)作用。這4個(gè)方面分別是：根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)理論發(fā)現(xiàn)抗癌藥，包括清熱解毒藥、活血化瘀藥、調(diào)節(jié)免疫藥（補(bǔ)氣扶正藥）及有毒中草藥（以毒攻毒）；從近年發(fā)現(xiàn)的抗腫瘤先導(dǎo)化合物中尋找；通過(guò)普篩或高通量篩選從中草藥提取物中尋找和依據(jù)藥用植物親緣學(xué)的原理尋找。

Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) have been used for thousands of years and a great number of experiences used for human body have been obtained for treating various diseases including tumor. The rich CHM resources could provide the important material bases for new anticancer drugs. In this article, the ways to find new anticancer drugs based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and modern scientific research from four aspects, which could promote the finding of new anticancer drugs from natural products. The four aspects are: to find the new anticancer drugs based on the theory of TCM, including heat-clearing and detoxicating medicine, blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicine, immune regulating medicine (qi-tonifying and reinforcing healthy qi medicine), and toxic CHM (toxicity against toxicity); to find the new anticancer drugs from lead compound; to find the new anticancer drugs from CHM extract by general screening and high-throughput screening, and to find the new anticancer drugs based on the pharmaphylogeny.

科技部國(guó)際科技合作項(xiàng)目（2007DFB31610）