目的 明確廣西百色市人民醫(yī)院兒科住院患者感染病原菌的分布及常見病原菌的耐藥趨勢，為指導(dǎo)臨床合理使用抗菌藥物和減少耐藥性提供可靠依據(jù)。方法 收集2010—2013年兒科住院患者的各類臨床標(biāo)本，對所分離的病原菌分布及其耐藥情況進(jìn)行回顧性研究分析。結(jié)果 4年間送檢標(biāo)本4 582份中共分離出3 139株病原菌，檢出率為68.51%。感染的優(yōu)勢菌為凝固酶陰性葡萄球菌703株（22.40%），金黃色葡萄球菌573株（18.25%），大腸埃希菌590株（18.80%），肺炎克雷伯菌406株（12.93%），銅綠假單胞菌229株（7.30%）；大腸埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌超廣譜β-內(nèi)酰胺酶（ESBLs）的平均檢出率分別為63.15%、33.92%。藥敏試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示葡萄球菌對青霉素和紅霉素的耐藥率≥76.61%，但是對萬古霉素、利福平和利奈唑胺均敏感；肺炎克雷伯菌、銅綠假單胞菌和大腸埃希菌對碳青霉烯類抗菌藥物高度耐藥。結(jié)論 目前兒科主要致病菌對臨床常用抗菌藥物有不同程度的耐藥，因此臨床上應(yīng)重視監(jiān)測病原菌的分布及耐藥趨勢，根據(jù)藥敏結(jié)果合理選擇抗生素，減少耐藥菌株的產(chǎn)生。

Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance in pediatric department, and to provide the certain reference for directing the clinical medication and reducing drug resistance. Methods Various clinical specimens of inpatients in pediatric department from 2010 to 2013 were collected, and the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 3 139 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 4 582 specimens with the detection rate of 68.51% in 4 years. The advantage bacterium infection were 703 strains of coagulase negative Staphylococcus (22.40%), 573 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (18.25%), 590 strains of Escherichia coli (18.80%), 406 strains of Klebsiella pneumonia (12.93%), and 229 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.30%). The average detection rates of extended spectrum β lactamases (ESBLs) from E. coli and K. pneumonia were 63.15% and 33.92%, respectively. Drug sensitivity test showed that S. aureus was resistant to penicillin with the erythromycin resistance rate ≥76.61%, but was sensitive to vancomycin, rifampin, and linezolid; K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli were highly resistant to antimicrobial drug of carbapenems. Conclusion At present the main species of pathogenic bacteria in pediatric department were resistant to the commomly used antibiotics, so attention should be paid to the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in clinic. In order to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance strains, sensitive antibiotics are chosen appropriately according to the results of drug sensitivity test.