目的 了解南京市兒童醫(yī)院病原菌的分布及耐藥性, 為臨床合理用藥提供參考。方法 采用回顧性調(diào)查方法, 對2011年1月—2014年12月南京市兒童醫(yī)院患兒分離的病原菌分布及耐藥性進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。結(jié)果 該院共分離出病原菌49 909株, 主要來自痰標(biāo)本(62.06%);病原菌分布以革蘭陰性菌為主, 占59.45%, 革蘭陽性菌和真菌分別占36.66%、3.89%;革蘭陰性菌對阿米卡星、亞胺培南敏感性較高, 對其他抗菌藥物耐藥率較高;革蘭陽性菌對抗菌藥物有不同程度的耐藥, 且發(fā)現(xiàn)5株耐萬古霉素腸球菌。結(jié)論 南京市兒童醫(yī)院病原菌耐藥嚴(yán)重, 臨床應(yīng)考慮兒童的自身狀況, 結(jié)合藥敏結(jié)果, 合理用藥;同時加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管, 以降低細(xì)菌耐藥性。

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in Nanjing Children's Hospital, and to provide reference for clinical reasonable use of antibiotics. Methods Retrospective investigation was used to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in Nanjing Children's Hospital from January 2011 to December 2014. Results Totally 49 909 strains of pathogens were isolated, and the pathogenic bacteria (62.06%) was isolated mainly from sputum samples. Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogenic bacteria and accounted for 59.45%. Gram-positive bacteria and fungus accounted for 36.66% and 3.89%, respectively. Gram-negative bacteria were highly sensitive to amikacin and imipenem, but resistant to other antibiotics. Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to common antibiotics, and 5 strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus were detected out. Conclusion Drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria is serious in Nanjing Children's Hospital. It is necessary to reasonable use of antibiotics according to the specific situation of children and the results of susceptibility tests. At the same time, it is important to take effective control measures to reduce the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria.