目的 探討通竅鼻炎顆粒聯(lián)合布地奈德和孟魯司特鈉治療兒童上氣道咳嗽綜合征的臨床療效。方法 收集2015年3月—2016年1月在四川省人民醫(yī)院接受治療的上氣道咳嗽綜合征（UACS）患者86例，隨機分為對照組和治療組，每組各43例。對照組患者霧化吸入吸入用布地奈德混懸液，1 mg/次，2次/d；同時口服孟魯司特鈉片，1片/次，1次/d。治療組在對照組基礎上口服通竅鼻炎顆粒，2袋/次，3次/d。觀察兩組的臨床療效，同時比較兩組患者治療前后咳嗽評分和血清IL-4、TNF-α、IL-27、IFN-γ水平的變化。結果 治療后，對照組和治療組的總有效率分別為81.40%、95.35%，兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05）。治療后，兩組患兒咳嗽評分顯著降低，同組治療前后比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05）；且治療組降低程度優(yōu)于對照組，兩組比較差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05）。治療后，兩組血清IL-27和IFN-γ水平顯著升高，IL-4和TNF-α水平顯著下降，同組治療前后比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05）；治療組這些觀察指標改善程度優(yōu)于對照組，兩組比較差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05）。結論 通竅鼻炎顆粒聯(lián)合布地奈德和孟魯司特鈉治療兒童UACS的臨床效果顯著，可明顯改善患兒咳嗽癥狀，降低血清IL-4和TNF-α水平，升高血清IL-27和IFN-γ水平，具有一定的臨床推廣應用價值。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacies of Tongqiao Biyan Granules combined with budesonide and montelukast in treatment of children with upper airway cough syndrome. Methods Children (86 cases) with UACS in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from March 2015 to January 2016 were randomly divided into control and treatment groups, and each group had 43 cases. Patients in the control group were aerosol inhalation administered with Budesonide Suspension for inhalation, 1 mg/time, twice daily, and were po administered with Montelukast Sodium Tablets, 1 tablet/time, once daily. Patients in the treatment group were po administered with Tongqiao Biyan Granules on the basis of control group, 2 bags/time, three times daily. After treatment, the clinical efficacies were evaluated; The scores of cough symptoms, and serum IL-4, TNF-α, IL-27, and IFN-γ levels in two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the clinical efficacies in the control and treatment groups were 81.40% and 95.35%, respectively, and there was difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of cough symptoms in two groups were significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). And the decrease degree of these scores in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, with significant differences between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, serum IL-27 and IFN-γ levels were significantly increased, IL-4 and TNF-α levels were decreased, and the differences were statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). The serological indexes in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group, with significant differences between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Tongqiao Biyan Granules Combined with budesonide in treatment of children with UACS has a significant clinical efficacy, can obviously improve children cough symptoms, reduce the serum IL-4 and TNF-α levels, and increace serum IL-27 and IFN-γ levels, which has a certain clinical application value.