目的 了解新疆哈密吐哈石油醫(yī)院呼吸內(nèi)科病原菌的分布和耐藥性情況，為臨床合理用藥提供依據(jù)。方法 對(duì)2014年1月—2015年12月新疆哈密吐哈石油醫(yī)院呼吸內(nèi)科病原菌的分布及藥敏結(jié)果進(jìn)行回顧性分析。結(jié)果 共分離出病原菌340株，其中革蘭陰性菌172例，占50.60%；革蘭陽性菌135例，占39.69%；真菌33例，占9.71%。革蘭陰性菌中肺炎克雷伯菌和大腸埃希菌均對(duì)阿米卡星和亞胺培南較敏感；陰溝腸桿菌對(duì)妥布霉素耐藥率低；銅綠假單胞菌對(duì)左氧氟沙星較敏感。革蘭陽性菌中金黃色葡萄球菌和A群鏈球菌對(duì)萬古霉素敏感率最高，可達(dá)100.00%。結(jié)論 新疆哈密吐哈石油醫(yī)院呼吸內(nèi)科病原菌分布主要以革蘭陰性菌為主，其中多數(shù)耐藥嚴(yán)重，臨床應(yīng)結(jié)合藥敏試驗(yàn)，合理選用抗菌藥物；同時(shí)要重視加強(qiáng)細(xì)菌耐藥性的檢測(cè)。

Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance analysis on pathogenic bacteria of Department of Respiratory Medicine in Xinjiang Hami Tuha Petroleum Hospital during 2014-2015, and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods The distribution and drug resistance analysis of pathogenic bacteria of Department of Respiratory Medicine in Xinjiang Hami Tuha Petroleum Hospital during 2014-2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Totally 340 strains of pathogens were isolated, in which Gram-negative bacteria were 172 strains (50.60%), Gram-positive bacteria (135 strains) accounted for 39.69%. While there were also 33 strains of fungus (9.71%) isolated. In Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were sensitive to amikacin and imipenem. The resistance rate of Enterobacter cloacae against tobramycin was low. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to levofloxacin. In Gram-positive bacteria, the sensitive rates of Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococcus were high to 100.00%. Conclusion The main pathogens in Department of Respiratory Medicine of Xinjiang Hami Tuha Petroleum Hospital is Gram-negative bacteria, and most of them were severely resistant to antibiotics. It is important to choose rational antibiotics according to the drug sensitive test and enhance the detection of drug resistance.