目的 探討維生素A軟膠囊聯(lián)合注射用牛肺表面活性劑治療新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合征的臨床療效。方法 選取2013年11月-2015年11月重慶市合川區(qū)婦幼保健計劃生育服務(wù)中心收治的新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合征患兒80例，采用隨機數(shù)字表法將患兒分為對照組和治療組，每組各40例。對照組氣管內(nèi)給予注射用牛肺表面活性劑，首劑量40～100 mg/kg，根據(jù)病情需要6～24 h重復(fù)用藥，最多3次，72 h后不再給藥。治療組在對照組基礎(chǔ)上口服維生素A軟膠囊4 500 U/d，以配方奶為載體，每天11：00～12：00一次性給予。兩組患兒均連續(xù)治療7 d。觀察兩組的臨床療效，同時比較兩組治療前后血氣指標、機械通氣參數(shù)、氧化應(yīng)激指標。結(jié)果 治療后，對照組、治療組的總有效率分別為72.6%、90.0%，兩組總有效率比較差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05）。治療后，兩組二氧化碳分壓（PaCO₂)、呼吸頻率（RR）、呼氣末正壓（PEEP）、吸入氣中氧濃度分數(shù)（FiO₂）、丙二醛（MDA）均顯著降低，氧分壓（PaO₂）、pH值、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶（GSH-Px），均顯著升高，同組治療前后差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05）；且治療組這些指標的改善程度優(yōu)于對照組，兩組比較差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05）。結(jié)論 維生素A軟膠囊聯(lián)合注射用牛肺表面活性劑治療新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合征具有較好的臨床療效，能夠改善肺功能，減輕機體抗氧化能力，具有一定的臨床推廣應(yīng)用價值。

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Vitamin A Soft Capsules combined with Calf Pulmonary Surfactant for injection in treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Methods Children (80 cases) with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in the Chongqing Hechuan District Maternal and Child Health Care Family Planning Service Center from November 2013 to November 2015 were divided into the control and treatment groups according to the random number table, and each group had 40 cases. Chidren in the control group were given Calf Pulmonary Surfactant for injection through trachea, and the initial dose was 40-100 mg/kg. According to the needs of condition, the drugs were repeatedly given in 6-24 h, up to 3 times, and there was no medication after 72 h. Children in the treatment group were po administered with Vitamin A Soft Capsules on the basis of the control group 4 500 U/d at 11:00-12:00, with formula milk as the carrier, once daily. Children in two groups were treated for 7 d. After treatment, the clinical curative effects in the two groups were evaluated, and blood gas indexes, mechanical ventilation indexes, and oxidative stress indexes were compared before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the efficacies in the control and treatment groups were 72.6% and 90.0%, respectively, and there was difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), respiratory rate (RR), positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), fraction of inspiration oxygen (FiO2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly decreased, while oxygen partial pressure (PaO₂), pH value, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the two groups were significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). After treatment, the observational indexes were significantly better than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Vitamin A Soft Capsules combined with Calf Pulmonary Surfactant for injection has good clinical efficacy in treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, can improve lung function, reduce the body's antioxidant capacity, which has a certain clinical application value.