目的 調查皖南醫(yī)學院第二附屬醫(yī)院抗菌藥物專項整治前后抗菌藥物的使用情況，以促進臨床合理應用抗菌藥物。方法 調取皖南醫(yī)學院第二附屬醫(yī)院2011、2015年抗菌藥物的相關信息，對用藥頻度（DDDs）、用藥金額、使用強度（AUD）、限定日費用（DDC）進行回顧性調查，并評價其合理性。結果 抗菌藥物專項整治后，抗菌藥物的DDDs和用藥金額均較整治前顯著增加，DDDs和用藥金額均增加較多的有大環(huán)內酯類，下降較多的為第4代頭孢菌類；抗菌藥物的AUD和DDC分別較整治前顯著下降，下降較多的均為第4代頭孢菌類。不合理用藥現象較多為預防用藥療程長、選擇藥物不適宜、聯合用藥不適宜、無指征用藥和預防用藥時機不適宜，但整治后不合理率均較整治前明顯降低。結論 皖南醫(yī)學院第二附屬醫(yī)院抗菌藥物專項整治活動促使抗菌藥物的AUD和不合理率明顯下降，對不合理用藥管制較有成效。

Objective To investigate the use of antimicrobial drugs before and after antibacterial activity in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, and to promote the rational use of antibiotics in clinic. Methods The utilization data of antibacterial drugs in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College in 2013 and 2015 was extracted, and frequency of drug use (DDDs), consumption sum, antibacterial use density (AUD), and defined daily cost (DDC) were analyzed statistically, and the rationality was evaluated. Results Compared with those before treatment, DDDs and consumption sum were increased significantly after antibacterial treatment. DDDs and consumption sum of the macrolides were increased more, while those of the fourth generation cephalosporin were decreased more. Compared with those before treatment, AUD and DDC were significantly decreased. And AUD and DDC of the fourth generation cephalosporin were decreased more. The main types of unreasonable medicine were prolonged prophylactic medication duration, inappropriate choice of medicine, inappropriate combination, no indication of medicine, and inappropriate prophylactic usage time, but the irrational rate after antibacterial treatment was lower than that before treatment. Conclusion The antibacterial treatment in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College promotes the decline of AUD and the irrational rate, and it is more effective for the control of irrational drug use.