病原菌耐藥性是指細(xì)菌使抗菌藥物治療作用下降的一種狀態(tài)。耐藥菌的出現(xiàn)使臨床感染性疾病的治療難度增加，抗菌藥物的不合理使用是細(xì)菌耐藥產(chǎn)生的主要原因，全國范圍內(nèi)或區(qū)域醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)有效的抗菌藥物管理策略，能夠減少抗菌藥物使用并逆轉(zhuǎn)細(xì)菌耐藥性的產(chǎn)生。國內(nèi)外有關(guān)抗菌藥物使用與病原菌耐藥性相關(guān)性的研究較多，國內(nèi)缺少對全國性或區(qū)域性的研究數(shù)據(jù)。通過綜述近年來國內(nèi)外有關(guān)金黃色葡萄球菌、糞腸球菌、屎腸球菌、大腸埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、銅綠假單胞菌、鮑曼不動桿菌、陰溝腸桿菌及其他病原菌的耐藥性與常用抗菌藥物消耗量的相關(guān)性，從宏觀數(shù)據(jù)上把握兩者間的關(guān)系，以期為醫(yī)院感染的管理提供證據(jù)支持。

Bacterial resistance refers to a state in which bacteria reduce the therapeutic effects of antimicrobials. Irrational use of antimicrobial agents is the major cause of increased antimicrobial resistance, and it has been proposed that effective antibiotic stewardship strategies nationwide or in local health-care settings would enable clinicians to reduce antibiotic use and reverse bacteria resistance. There are many studies on the correlation between antimicrobial use and pathogen resistance at home and abroad, but there is a lack of research data on national or regional in China. In this paper, the studies on the correlation between bacterial resistance (including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae and other pathogens) and antibacterial consumption in the recent years are reviewed. The relationship among them from the macro data should be grasped to provide evidence for the management of hospital infection.