目的 研究大黃、枳實、厚樸飲片變化對小承氣湯藥效組分的影響，以期為臨床的合理應用和飲片的質量標準提供參考。方法 采用HPLC法分別測定各類成分。大黃游離蒽醌類（蘆薈大黃素、大黃酸、大黃素、大黃酚、大黃素甲醚）：Syncronis C₁₈色譜柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）；流動相：甲醇–0.1%磷酸；梯度洗脫；體積流量0.8 mL/min；柱溫30℃；進樣量10 μL；檢測波長254 nm。大黃結合蒽醌類（番瀉苷B、番瀉苷A）：Syncronis C₁₈色譜柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）；流動相：乙腈–0.05%磷酸；梯度洗脫；柱溫30℃；進樣量10 μL；檢測波長340 nm。枳實黃酮苷類（蕓香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷）：Syncronis C₁₈色譜柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）；流動相：乙腈–水；梯度洗脫；體積流量0.7 mL/min；柱溫40℃；進樣量10 μL；檢測波長283 nm。厚樸木脂素類成分（和厚樸酚、厚樸酚）：Syncronis C₁₈色譜柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）；流動相：乙腈–0.05%磷酸；梯度洗脫；體積流量0.7 mL/min；柱溫30℃；進樣量10 μL；檢測波長294 nm。結果 小承氣湯配伍劑量（大黃12 g–炒枳實9 g–姜厚樸6 g）不變，大黃、枳實、厚樸飲片改變時，小承氣湯藥效組分總量變化規(guī)律為：大黃–枳實–姜厚樸 > 酒大黃–炒枳實–姜厚樸 > 熟大黃–炒枳實–姜厚樸 > 大黃炭–炒枳實–姜厚樸≈小承氣湯 > 大黃–炒枳實–厚樸，變化率分別為酒大黃組（6.561%）、熟大黃組（4.222%）、大黃炭組（0.118%）、枳實組（30.186%）、厚樸組（−11.218%）。除大黃炭組外，其余組的藥效組分總量皆明顯變化，其中枳實組變化最明顯。結論 同一味藥材的不同炮制品在小承氣湯處方中藥效組分不同，對其他藥味的影響亦不同，在小承氣湯處方配伍中不可隨意替代。

Objective To study the effect of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex on active components in Xiaochengqi Decoction, so as to provide reference for clinical rational application and quality standards of pieces. Method The contents of various components were determined by HPLC method. The conditions of free anthraquinones (aloeemodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion) were as following:the separation was performed on Syncronis C₁₈ column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The detection wavelengths were set at 254 nm. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, temperature of column was set at 30℃, and volume of injection was 10 μL. The conditions of conjugated anthraquinones (sennoside A and sennoside B) were as following:the separation was performed on Syncronis C₁₈ column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The detection wavelengths were set at 340 nm. The temperature of column was set at 30℃, and volume of injection was 10 μL. The conditions of flavonoid glycosides (rutanin, naringin, narigin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin) were as following:the separation > was performed on Syncronis C₁₈ column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water with gradient elution. The detection wavelengths were set at 283 nm. The flow rate was 0.7 mL/min, temperature of column was set at 40℃, and volume of injection was 10 μL. The conditions of lignans (honokiol and magnol) were as following:the separation was performed on Syncronis C₁₈ column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The detection wavelengths were set at 294 nm. The flow rate was 0.7 mL/min, temperature of column was set at 30℃, and volume of injection was 10 μL. Results Compared with Xiaochengqi Decoction (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 12 g-roasted Aurantii Fructus Immaturus 9 g-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex stir-baked with ginger juice 6 g), when Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex pieces were changed, the total amount of effective components were changed as following:Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Aurantii Fructus Immaturus-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex stir-baked with ginger juice > Rhei Radix et Rhizoma prepared with wine-roasted Aurantii Fructus Immaturus-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex stir-baked with ginger juice > processed Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-roasted Aurantii Fructus Immaturus-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex stir-baked with ginger juice > charred Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-roasted Aurantii Fructus Immaturus-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex stir-baked with ginger juice ≈ Xiaochengqi Decoction > Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-roasted Aurantii Fructus Immaturus-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex. The rates of change were Rhei Radix et Rhizoma prepared with wine group (6.561%), processed Rhei Radix et Rhizoma group (4.222%), charred Rhei Radix et Rhizoma group (0.118%), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus group (30.186%), Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex group (11.218%). Except charred Rhei Radix et Rhizoma group, the total effective components of others groups were significantly changed, and the most obvious variation was Aurantii Fructus Immaturus group. Conclusion The active components of the same Chinese medicine different types of pieces in Xiaochengqi Decoction have difference. And the impact on other pieces in Xiaochengqi Decoction is also different. They belong to different medicines, and can not be free to replace in prescription of Xiaochengqi Decoction.