目的 通過對北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院術(shù)中鹽酸麻黃堿注射液的用藥情況進(jìn)行分析，了解其術(shù)中用藥特征及可能存在的風(fēng)險，為鹽酸麻黃堿注射液風(fēng)險管理及開展深入研究提供參考。方法 選取北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院2016年6月術(shù)中使用麻黃堿注射液的105例患者，對患者的一般資料、基礎(chǔ)疾病、住院科室、診斷信息、手術(shù)信息、麻醉方法、臨床用藥信息及合并用藥信息等進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果 用藥患者多為45歲以上的中老年人，占81.90%；體質(zhì)量指數(shù)超過24.0者居多，占57.14%；23例患者患有高血壓，占21.90%。臨床多用于氣管插管全麻術(shù)中血壓下降的逆轉(zhuǎn)；多數(shù)患者使用時血壓已降至95/60 mmHg（1 mmHg=133 Pa）以下；用法以iv為主，單次劑量多集中在6 mg；臨床使用多與苯腎上腺素、去甲腎上腺素、多巴胺合并使用。結(jié)論 鹽酸麻黃堿注射液多用于中老年人，臨床中存在未按照說明書推薦劑量及注意事項(xiàng)使用等情況，可能存在用藥風(fēng)險，應(yīng)對以上用藥人群用藥安全情況加以重視及深入研究，做好鹽酸麻黃堿注射液的風(fēng)險管理工作。

Objective To analyze the intraoperative use of Ephedrine Hydrochloride Injection in Peking University People's Hospital, to understand the characteristics of drug administration and possible risks, and to provide reference for the risk management of Ephedrine Hydrochloride Injection and its further research. Methods A total of 105 patients were enrolled from Peking University People's Hospital in June 2016. The general information, original disease, hospital departments, diagnostic information, surgical information, anesthetic techniques, clinical drug information, and combined medication information were collected. Results More than 81.90% of enrolled patients were older than 45 years. The body mass index of most patients was more than 24.0, accounting for 57.14%. A case of 23 patients had high blood pressure, accounting for 21.90%. Tracheal intubation in general anesthesia was adopted for most clinical cases. Blood pressure had been reduced to 95/60 mmHg at the time of intraoperative use of Ephedrine Hydrochloride Injection. The injection was administered intravenously, with most patients receiving a dosage of 6 mg per dose. It was always combined with phenylephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in clinical practice. Conclusion Ephedrine Hydrochloride Injection is primarily used for older patients. Several clinical risk factors have been identified including administering the overdose for inappropriate conditions and failure to follow guidelines. Appropriate risk management is required to protect patients.