目的 分析?？谑袐D幼保健院兒科抗菌藥不良反應(yīng)（ADR）發(fā)生的臨床特點，為兒童的合理用藥提供理論依據(jù)。方法 對本院2014年1月-2019年12月上報的326例使用抗菌藥發(fā)生ADR的兒童病歷進行統(tǒng)計分析。結(jié)果 326例ADR報告中，男189例，女137例，其中年齡<1歲132例（40.49%），1 ≤年齡<3歲的108例（33.13%），3 ≤年齡<6歲的61例（18.71%），6 ≤年齡<14歲的25例（7.67%）；ADR發(fā)生時間在>用藥后48 h的195例（59.82%），≤用藥后48 h的87例（26.69%），≤用藥后24 h的44例（13.50%）；用藥途徑中iv 215例（65.95%），口服藥物70例（21.47%），im 29例（8.90%）；原發(fā)病中支氣管肺炎120例（36.81%）和支氣管炎66例（20.25%），消化道感染50例（15.34%）；臨床表現(xiàn)最多為消化系統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)，有116例（35.58%），其次皮膚及附件表現(xiàn)，有88例（26.99%），呼吸系統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)43例（13.19%）；發(fā)生不良反應(yīng)的抗菌藥最多的頭孢霉素有136例（41.72%），其次是大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類90例（27.61%），青霉素類有76例（23.31%）。結(jié)論 本院兒科抗菌藥ADR發(fā)生以男性患兒為主，多發(fā)生于3歲以下的兒童，常在用藥48 h后發(fā)生，iv多見，原發(fā)病以呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病為主，消化系統(tǒng)損害為ADR的主要表現(xiàn)，發(fā)生藥物以頭孢霉素最多，在臨床上應(yīng)合理地使用抗菌藥物，保證兒童的用藥安全。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of adverse drug reaction (ADR) of antibacterial in pediatrics in Haikou Hospital of the Maternity and Child Health, and to provide theoretical basis for children's drug use. Methods A total of 326 ADR cases of children in Haikou Hospital of the Maternity and Child Health from January 2014-December 2019 were collected and analyzed. Results 326 ADR cases were collected and analyzed, 189 cases of which are men, and 137 cases of which are women; 132 cases (40.49%) of children are one year old, 108 cases (33.13%) of children are 1-3 years old, 61 cases (18.71%) of children are 4-6 years old, and 25 cases (7.67%) of children are aged 7-14 years old. There were 195 cases (59.82%) children with ADR occurrence time >48 h; 87 cases (26.69%) children with ADR occurrence time ≤ 48 hours, and 44 cases (13.50%) children with ADR occurrence time ≤ 24 h. Medication pathway:215 cases (65.95%) children were administrated by intravenous, 70 cases (21.47%) children were administrated by oral use, 29 cases (8.90%) children were administrated by intramuscular injection. Original incidence:120 cases (36.81%) children were diagnosed with bronchial pneumonia, 66 cases (20.25%) children were diagnosed with bronchitis, 50 cases (15.34%) children were diagnosed with gastrointestinal infection. The highest clinical performance was 116 cases (35.58%) of digestive system performance, followed by skin and attachment performance of 88 cases (26.99%) and respiratory performance of 43 cases (13.19%). 136 cases (41.72%) ADR were induced by cephalosporine, followed 90 cases (27.61%) ADR were induced by cyclosyl esters, and 76 cases (23.31%) ADR were induced by penicillin. Conclusion ADR occurs mainly in male children, mostly in children under 3 years of age, often occurs at 48 h after administration. Intrtravenous injection is more common medication pathway which induced ADR. The original incidence of children is mainly respiratory disease, and digestive damages are the main manifestation of ADR. The occurrence of ADR are most induced by cephalosporines. Limiting the use of antibiotics and reducing drug administrated by intravenous, ADR had significantly decreased. Clinical use antibiotics should be reasonable to ensure the safety of children's medication.

R978.1