隨著人類微生物組學(xué)研究的深入，腸道微生物在人類健康中的作用逐漸得到重視。作為人體內(nèi)的隱形器官，腸道微生物參與機(jī)體的代謝調(diào)控，腸道微生物失調(diào)可能造成各種常見(jiàn)代謝紊亂疾病，如2型糖尿病等。通過(guò)微生物組學(xué)和代謝組學(xué)的聯(lián)合分析，人們逐漸從機(jī)制上了解腸道微生物及其代謝衍生物與2型糖尿病的關(guān)系。與正常人群相比，2型糖尿病人群中腸道微生物的組成在變形菌門(mén)、擬桿菌門(mén)、厚壁菌門(mén)/擬桿菌門(mén)比值中發(fā)生了明顯變化。腸道微生物產(chǎn)生的短鏈脂肪酸、氨基酸代謝衍生物可以作為信使調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體的葡萄糖代謝，影響2型糖尿病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。二甲雙胍等2型糖尿病治療藥物通過(guò)與腸道微生物的相互作用來(lái)降低血糖。綜述了腸道微生物及其代謝產(chǎn)物關(guān)聯(lián)2型糖尿病治療藥物的研究進(jìn)展。

With the development of human microbiomics, more and more attention has been paid to the role of intestinal microorganisms in human health. Gut microbiota serves as an "invisible organ" modulating the host metabolism in the human body, whereas the intestinal flora imbalance is associated with development of certain metabolism diseases such as type 2 diabetes, etc. Integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis have linked the gut microbiota community and microbial-derived metabolites to type 2 diabetes. Compared with the normal population, people with type 2 diabetes had a statistically different gut community composition in Proteobacteria, Bacteroides and Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratios. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and amino acid metabolites, were indicated to modulate the host glucose metabolism, thus having impacts on the development of type 2 diabetes. Metformin as well as other antidiabetic agents can decrease the levels of blood glucose by interacting with gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolites. This paper reviewed the research progress of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes based on gut microbiome and microbial-derived metabolites in the development of type 2 diabetes.

R977

國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃課題（2018YFA0900404）；國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目（31730004）