多糖是石斛屬植物重要的藥效成分。石斛多糖藥理作用產(chǎn)生機制主要與其抗氧化作用、免疫調節(jié)作用、調節(jié)腸道菌群功能有關。石斛多糖可以通過直接清除自由基發(fā)揮直接抗氧化作用，也可以通過提高機體抗氧化酶活性起到間接抗氧化作用。石斛多糖可以通過與免疫細胞膜上的TLR4等受體結合適度激活TLR4-NF-κB等信號通路，直接發(fā)揮免疫調節(jié)作用，也可以通過調節(jié)腸道菌群間接調節(jié)免疫功能。在作用方式上，石斛多糖可以完整地被腸道免疫細胞攝取，也可以經(jīng)胃酸降解產(chǎn)生可吸收的穩(wěn)定多糖片段，吸收入血發(fā)揮作用；石斛多糖可以通過影響腸道的氧化還原狀態(tài)以及通過在腸道降解產(chǎn)生單糖來直接影響腸道菌群組成。因此，石斛多糖可以通過多種作用途徑、以多種形式發(fā)揮豐富多樣的藥理效應。

Polysaccharide is an important active component of Dendrobium Sw. The mechanisms of pharmacological action of Dendrobium polysaccharides is mainly related to antioxidant effect, immune regulation effect and influence on intestinal flora. Dendrobium polysaccharides can directly scavenge free radicals to play a direct antioxidant effect, but also can play an indirect antioxidant role by improving the antioxidant enzyme activity. Dendrobium polysaccharides can moderately activate TLR4-NF-κB and other signaling pathways by binding with TLR4 and other receptors on immune cell membrane, which can directly play the role of immune regulation, or indirectly regulate immune function by regulating intestinal flora. In the mode of action, Dendrobium polysaccharides can be completely absorbed by intestinal immune cells, and can also be degraded by gastric acid to produce stable absorbable polysaccharide fragments, which can be absorbed into the blood to play a role. Dendrobium polysaccharides can directly affect the composition of intestinal flora by affecting the redox state of intestinal tract and producing monosaccharide in intestinal tract. Therefore, Dendrobium polysaccharides can play a variety of pharmacological effects in a variety of ways and forms.

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