抗生素的發(fā)現(xiàn)和使用是20世紀(jì)最偉大的成就之一。隨著抗生素的廣泛應(yīng)用，抗生素耐藥成為藥物使用時(shí)應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的問題?？股啬退幹饕c細(xì)菌的自然選擇、抗生素不合理使用有關(guān)，同時(shí)也使得抗生素新藥的開發(fā)存在著諸多挑戰(zhàn)。世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）一直關(guān)注抗生素的危害和耐藥問題，認(rèn)為這些問題已經(jīng)成為公共衛(wèi)生和可持續(xù)醫(yī)療的最嚴(yán)重挑戰(zhàn)。對抗生素耐藥現(xiàn)狀、原因、機(jī)制和抗生素新藥開發(fā)的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行綜述，為應(yīng)對抗生素耐藥，需要全球醫(yī)學(xué)家、企業(yè)家、各國政府和公眾共同努力，相信一定可以找到解決抗生素耐藥的適宜途徑。

The discovery and use of antibiotics was one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century. With the widespread use of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance has become an issue that should be a key concern when this class of drugs is used. Antibiotic resistance is mainly related to natural selection of bacteria and irrational use of antibiotics, and it also makes the development of new antibiotic drugs challenging in many ways. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been concerned about the harm of antibiotics and new problems of drug resistance. These issues have been identified as the most serious challenges to public health and sustainable health care. This article reviews the current situation, cause, mechanism of antibiotic resistance and the research progress of new antibiotics. In order to deal with antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to work together with global medical scientists, entrepreneurs, governments, and the public, and there must be an appropriate way to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance.

R978.1