認(rèn)知功能障礙直接影響人們的生活，動物模型的研究為篩選具有改善認(rèn)知功能的藥物和防治認(rèn)知損傷提供研究載體。綜述近年來認(rèn)知損傷動物模型的常見制備方法，包括化學(xué)物質(zhì)損傷、物理損傷、轉(zhuǎn)基因鼠模型、老化鼠模型等?；瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)如東莨菪堿造成的獲得性記憶障礙模型已成為篩選改善認(rèn)知損傷藥物的公認(rèn)模型，物理損傷模型為創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷的研究提供了重要的研究基礎(chǔ)，其中缺血缺氧性腦損傷模型是預(yù)防和研究腦血管疾病導(dǎo)致的認(rèn)知損傷的關(guān)鍵。

Cognitive dysfunction could directly impact the reflection of cerebral cortex and people’s advanced normal life, while animal models provide a reference for screening drugs that could improve the cognitive functions, including attention, memory, learning, thinking, language expression, spatial visual function, and so on. This paper reviews the frequently-used models induced by different mechanisms including chemical substances, physical damage, transgenic mouse, senescence-accelerated mouse, and so on. Acquired memory disorders model induced by chemical substances such as scopolamine has become the generally accepted model for screening drugs that could improve the cognitive functions. Physical damage model provides an important basis for the study of traumatic brain injury, especially hypoxia-ischemia brain damage model, which plays a key role in preventing the cognitive impairment caused by cerebrovascular diseases.

國家科技重大專項(xiàng)資助項(xiàng)目（2012ZX09J12110-01C）