多糖是一類重要的生物大分子物質(zhì)，具有抗腫瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化、免疫活性調(diào)節(jié)等生物活性。多糖的生物活性與其結(jié)構(gòu)有直接關(guān)系，因而對(duì)多糖結(jié)構(gòu)通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄟM(jìn)行修飾是目前多糖領(lǐng)域研究的重要方向之一。簡(jiǎn)要地闡述多糖的化學(xué)修飾方法（包括硫酸化、羧甲基化、乙酰化和磷酸化等）研究進(jìn)展，以及修飾后對(duì)生物活性的影響，以期為新藥發(fā)現(xiàn)提供依據(jù)。

Polysaccharide is an important class of biological macromolecules. It has a variety of biological activity, such as antitumor, antivirus, anti-oxidation, immune activity regulation, and so on. The biological activity of polysaccharide has a direct relationship with its structure. Thus the structural modification of polysaccharide by an appropriate method is one of the important directions of research in the field of polysaccharides. This article systematically elaborated the structural modification methods and research progress on the polysaccharide including chemical, biological, and physical methods, as well as the impact on the biological activity.