2 型糖尿病是一種以胰島素分泌缺陷、胰島素抵抗或者兩者并存所致的高血糖為特征的慢性代謝性疾病。早期血糖控制不佳可以促進微血管并發(fā)癥的進展，以及大血管風險的發(fā)生。雖然有眾多的降糖藥物在臨床使用，但只有約50%的患者能實現(xiàn)血糖控制，傳統(tǒng)藥物仍存在某些不足，因此，需要開發(fā)具有新機制的治療藥物。鈉-葡萄糖共轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白2（SGLT2）是近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)的具有全新作用機制的一個糖尿病治療靶點。SGLT2 抑制劑通過抑制腎臟近端小管對葡萄糖的重吸收來增加尿中葡萄糖的排泄而達到控制血糖的目的，其獨立于葡萄糖依賴的胰島素途徑，能使低血糖發(fā)生風險降低。臨床試驗數(shù)據(jù)表明，SGLT2 抑制劑單藥治療和與傳統(tǒng)降糖藥物聯(lián)合治療均可以有效地控制血糖，并改善胰島素抵抗，同時也有降血壓和減少體質(zhì)量作用。盡管后續(xù)的研究顯示了SGLT2 抑制劑具有良好的耐受性，該類藥物在臨床上報道的意想不到的風險仍需要大量和長期的臨床數(shù)據(jù)證實。

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by impaired insulin secretion and/or reduced response of target tissues to insulin. Good glycemic control delays the development and slows the progression of micro-and macrovascular complications. Although there are numerous glucose-lowering agents in clinical use, only approximately 50% of type 2 diabetic patients achieve glycemic control, and undesirable side effects often exist in the traditional treatment. There is a need for novel treatment options that can help overcome these difficulties. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have recently been developed as a novel potential therapeutic option for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. These drugs could lower the plasma glucose concentration through inhibition of the glucose reuptake in kidney, independent of insulin secretion and insulin action, with a consequent lower risk of hypoglycemia. The data of clinical trials with monotherapy as well as combination therapy show that SGLT2 inhibitors have a blood glucose-lowering effect and also reduce body weight. A follow-up study shows long-term efficacy and durability of these effects. SGLT2 inhibitors have the potential to reverse glucose toxicity and to improve the insulin resistance, blood pressure, and lipid profile. The available data suggest a good tolerability profile. However, clinicians should carefully prescribe these drugs in light of already reported and/or unexpected side-effects. Further studies in larger numbers and longer-term clinical use data are required to apply these agents in standard treatment of type 2 diabetes.