目的 探討短療程與長療程左氧氟沙星聯(lián)合尿激酶胸腔注射治療結(jié)核性胸膜炎的療效及安全性。方法 收取2011年10月至2014年10月陜西省結(jié)核病防治研究所收治的112例結(jié)核性胸膜炎患者，按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為A組與B組各56例。兩組患者均進(jìn)行尿激酶胸腔注射，A組接受短療程左氧氟沙星治療，B組接受長療程左氧氟沙星治療。對兩組患者療效、癥狀相關(guān)指標(biāo)、復(fù)發(fā)情況以及不良反應(yīng)進(jìn)行觀察與比較。結(jié)果 A組患者治療總有效率（92.86%）與B組（85.71%）相比無顯著差異。治療3個月后，兩組患者在胸水排出總量、胸水吸收時間、胸腔穿刺次數(shù)、胸膜厚度、胸膜粘連發(fā)生率、FEV1%和FVC%均無明顯差異。截止隨訪結(jié)束時，A組患者復(fù)發(fā)率為1.79%；B組患者復(fù)發(fā)率為3.57%。兩組相比無顯著差異。A組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率（14.29%）明顯低于B組（37.50%），差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。結(jié)論 短療程與長療程左氧氟沙星聯(lián)合尿激酶胸腔注射治療結(jié)核性胸膜炎療效相當(dāng)，但短療程可明顯減少不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率，值得臨床推廣使用。

Objective To explore the effect and safety of short course and long course levofloxacin combined with urokinase injection in treatment of tuberculous pleurisy. Methods Totally 112 patients with tuberculous pleurisy accepted in Shaanxi Provincial TB Prevention Hospital from October 2011 to October 2014 were selected and randomly divided into group A and group B with 56 cases in each group. All patients underwent urokinase injection. Group A were given short term of levofloxacine, and group B were given long term levofloxacine. Effect, indexes, recurrence, and adverse reactions of two groups were observed and compared. Results Total efficacy of group A (92.86%) had no difference with group B (85.71%). After 3 months treatment, all indexes had no statistically significance of two groups. Recurrence rates of group A and B were 1.79% and 3.57%, and there was no obviously difference. Adverse reaction rate of group A (14.29%) was obviously lower than that of group B (37.50%), with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Short course and long course levofloxacin combined with urokinase injection have similar effect in treatment of tuberculous pleurisy. But short course can reduce adverse reaction rate, which is worth clinical application.