目的 探討匹多莫得輔助治療小兒呼吸道反復感染的臨床療效及其對患兒免疫功能的影響。方法 選擇廣元市婦幼保健院2013年8月—2016年1月收治的呼吸道反復感染患兒150例，隨機分為2組，每組75例，對照組患兒接受常規(guī)抗生素治療，治療組患兒在對照組治療基礎(chǔ)上加用匹多莫得治療，持續(xù)治療2個月，治療結(jié)束后隨訪4個月，比較兩組患兒治療期間臨床癥狀以及機體免疫功能的變化，同時比較隨訪期間兩組患兒的臨床療效。結(jié)果 治療后，治療組患兒咳嗽、發(fā)熱、扁桃體發(fā)炎以及肺部哮鳴音消失的時間顯著短于對照組（P＜0.05）。治療后，兩組患兒血清免疫球蛋白水平較治療前有所升高（P＜0.05），其中治療組患兒升高更為明顯，與對照組比較具有統(tǒng)計學意義（P＜0.05）；治療后兩組患兒T細胞亞群CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺以及NK細胞相對活性都明顯升高（P＜0.05），且CD4+/CD8+相對含量同樣升高（P＜0.05），同時比較兩組患兒治療后各細胞水平，統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表明治療組患兒改善情況更為明顯（P＜0.05）。治療后，治療組患兒治療總有效率顯著高于對照組（P＜0.05），且治療組患兒隨訪期間感染復發(fā)的次數(shù)顯著少于對照組（P＜0.05），且復發(fā)持續(xù)時間明顯較短（P＜0.05）。結(jié)論 匹多莫得聯(lián)合抗菌藥物治療小兒呼吸道反復感染效果顯著，有效改善機體免疫功能，減少感染復發(fā)次數(shù)，值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。

Objective To evaluate the effect of pidotimod combined with antibacterials on the immunologic functions and clinical curative efficacy for patients undergoing recurrent respiratory tract infections. Methods Patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections (150 cases) were enrolled in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangyuan from August 2013 to January 2016, which divided to two groups randomly, Group A (n = 75) accepted traditional antibacterials treatment, and Group B (n = 75) adopted pidotimod combined with antibacterials. The clinical symptom and immunologic functions of patients during treatment were tested, and the clinical curative efficacy of patients was evaluated in the follow-up period. Results After treatment, the disappear time of cough, fever, tonsil inflammation and pulmonary wheezing in treatment group was significantly shorter than that of control group (P< 0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum immunoglobulin in two groups were higher than those before treatment (P< 0.05), and the treatment group was significantly higher than control group (P< 0.05). After treatment, the relative activities of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and NK cells in two groups increased significantly (P< 0.05), the relative content of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ was also increased (P< 0.05), and the improvement of above indexes in the treatment group was more obvious than those in control group (P< 0.05). After treatment, total effective rate of treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group (P< 0.05), the recurrence of infection in the treatment group is significantly lower than that in the control group (P< 0.05), and the recurrence duration was significantly shorter than control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion The clinical curative of pidotimod combined with antibacterials was remarkable for patients of recurrent respiratory tract infections, which deserved popularization not only improving the immunologic functions, but also decreasing the times of recurrence.