目的 分析鄂州市中心醫(yī)院抗菌藥致不良反應(yīng)（ADR）的發(fā)生規(guī)律與用藥頻度（DDDs）相關(guān)性，為臨床安全、合理用藥提供參考。方法 將該院2011年9月—2016年8月收到的抗菌藥致ADR報告錄入Microsoft Excel 2000軟件，對抗菌藥的類別、藥品名稱、臨床表現(xiàn)、DDDs及ADR構(gòu)成比（B）與DDDs排序比（A）的比值（B/A）進行統(tǒng)計分析。結(jié)果 共發(fā)生151例ADR，涉及10類抗菌藥，前3位的分別為氟喹諾酮類、頭孢菌素類和青霉素類，用藥頻度前3位的分別為頭孢菌素類、氟喹諾酮類和大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類，頭孢菌素類、大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類和抗真菌藥的B/A值大于1。ADR構(gòu)成比前4位的分別為左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、頭孢美唑和頭孢替安，用藥頻度前4位的依次為左氧氟沙星、頭孢地嗪鈉、阿奇霉素和頭孢美唑，頭孢地嗪鈉、甲硝唑、阿奇霉素的B/A值大于1。左氧氟沙星和莫西沙星發(fā)生嚴重ADR的幾率較高，左氧氟沙星和頭孢替安發(fā)生新的ADR幾率較高。結(jié)論 抗菌藥致ADR發(fā)生率與DDDs基本相符，應(yīng)警惕ADR發(fā)生率較高的藥品，如頭孢地嗪鈉、甲硝唑、阿奇霉素等。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of antibacterial drugs caused adverse drug reactions (ADR) and correlation with DDDs in Ezhou Central Hospital, and provide reference for safe and rational use of antibacterial drug in clinic. Methods ADR reports of antibacterial drugs in Ezhou Central Hospital from September 2011 to August 2016 were entered into Microsoft Excel 2000 software, Statistical analysis was performed on the categories of antimicrobials, drug names, clinical manifestations, and DDDs, composition ratio of ADR and ratio of B/A. Results Involved in 151 ADR cases and 10 kinds of antibacterial drugs, the top 3 antibacterial drugs respectively were Fluoroquinolones, Cephalosporins, and Penicillins, the top 3 DDDs respectively were Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones, and Macrolides, and the B/A values of Cephalosporins, Macrolides, and Antifungal agents were over 1. The top 4 ADR composition ratios respectively were Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Cefmetazole, and Cefotiam, and the top 4 DDDs respectively were Levofloxacin, Cefodizime sodium, Azithromycin, and Cefmetazole, and the B/A ratios of Cefodizime sodium, Metronidazole, and Azithromycin were over than 1. Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin had a higher risk of severe ADR, and Levofloxacin and Cefotiadine had a higher risk of new ADR. Conclusion The ADR rate of antibacterial drugs is basic consistent with its DDDs. Clinical should pay more attention to the individual drugs with higher rates of ADR, such as Cefodizime sodium, metronidazole, and azithromycin etc.