銀杏Ginkgo biloba的葉片和果實(shí)分別被《中國(guó)藥典》收載，主要含有銀杏黃酮、萜類內(nèi)酯、酚酸類、異戊烯醇、甾體類等多種化學(xué)成分。以銀杏提取物或有效成分開(kāi)發(fā)的制劑有片劑、膠囊、顆粒劑、口服液、注射劑、滴丸、糖漿劑、酊劑等類型，臨床上多用于心腦血管疾病的治療，但也出現(xiàn)過(guò)敏、腹瀉、出血、肝腎毒性等不良反應(yīng)報(bào)道。對(duì)近年來(lái)有關(guān)銀杏及其制劑的化學(xué)成分、劑型種類和臨床出現(xiàn)的不良反應(yīng)進(jìn)行綜述，以期為其深度開(kāi)發(fā)與合理利用提供參考。

The leaves and fruits of Ginkgo biloba L.are embodied in Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China, mainly contain ginkgo flavonoids, terpene lactones, phenolic acids, isopentenyl alcohol, steroids and other chemical compositions. The extract and active ingredients can be made into tablets, capsules, granules, oral liquid, injection, dripping pills, syrup, tincture and other formulations,clinically used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease treatment.The adverse reactions are allergies, diarrhea, bleeding, liver and kidney toxicity. This review contains the chemical composition, dosage form and clinical adverse reactions of Ginkgo biloba in recent years, for providing a reference of further development and rational utilization of this plant resource.