目的 探討布拉氏酵母菌對不同年齡階段急性支氣管肺炎住院患兒發(fā)生抗生素相關(guān)性腹瀉（AAD）的預(yù)防效果。方法 按入院時(shí)間將2014年3月-2017年3月326例急性支氣管肺炎住院患兒分為對照組（n=155）與研究組（n=171），兩組均靜脈應(yīng)用抗生素治療，同時(shí)僅研究組加服布拉氏酵母菌散，療程5 d。比較兩組腹瀉發(fā)生情況及腹瀉治療效果。結(jié)果 研究組AAD的發(fā)生率為22.22%，明顯低于對照組的34.19%，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）；研究組≤ 2歲患兒的AAD發(fā)生率顯著低于對照組，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05），但兩組>2歲患兒的AAD發(fā)生率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義?！?2歲患兒AAD發(fā)生率為38.17%，顯著高于>2歲患兒（14.28%），差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。研究組2歲以下及2歲以上AAD患兒腹瀉持續(xù)時(shí)間明顯短于對照組，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05），且研究組中2歲以上AAD患兒腹瀉持續(xù)時(shí)間明顯短于2歲以下。研究組2歲以下及2歲以上AAD患兒72 h好轉(zhuǎn)率均明顯高于對照組，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。與治療前相比，兩組2歲以下及2歲以上AAD患兒血清IgG水平明顯升高，同組治療前后比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）；治療后，研究組2歲以下及2歲以上AAD患兒血清IgG水平明顯高于對照組，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）；且研究組2歲以上患兒IgG水平顯著高于2歲以下患兒，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。結(jié)論 對于急性支氣管肺炎患兒，在合理使用抗生素的同時(shí)補(bǔ)充布拉氏酵母菌對AAD有良好的預(yù)防效果，尤其是嬰幼兒AAD表現(xiàn)出更好的預(yù)防效果，可提高患兒免疫能力，改善免疫系統(tǒng)功能，且無不良反應(yīng)。

Objective Toinvestigate the preventive effect of Saccharomyces boulardii on antibiotic associated diarrhea in hospitalized children with acute bronchial pneumonia. Methods 326 hospitalized children with acute bronchopneumonia during Mar. 2014 to Mar.2017 were divided into control group (n=155) and study group (n=171) according to the time of admission. The two groups were treated with antibiotics, and only the study group added Saccharomyces boulardii at the same time. The incidence of diarrhea and the effect of diarrhea were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence rate of AAD in study group was 22.22% significantly lower than 34.19% in control group (P<0.05). In study group the ≤ 2 years old children of the incidence rate of AAD was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05), but between the two groups, >2 years old children with AAD there were no significant differences. ≤ 2 years old children with AAD rate of 38.17% was significantly higher than >2 years old children14.28% (P<0.05). After and before treatment, ≤ 2 and >2 years older children with AAD of study group diarrhea duration was significantly shorter than the control group (P<0.05), and >2 years older children with AAD diarrhea duration was significantly shorter than ≤ 2 years older in the study group. The following ≤ 2 and >2 years old children with AAD 72 h the improvement rate were significantly higher than the control group. After treatment, the study group ≤ 2 and >2 years old children with AAD serum level of IgG was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the control group ≤ 2 and >2 years old children with AAD serum level of IgG was significantly increased (P<0.05). After treatment, serum IgG levels increased significantly in ≤ 2 and >2 years old children with AAD in study group (P<0.05), and the levels of IgG in >2 years old children were significantly higher than ≤ 2 years old children (P<0.05). Conclusion For children with acute bronchial pneumonia, antibiotics used rationally and Saccharomyces boulardii supplemented have good preventive effect on AAD. Especially, infants and young children with antibiotic associated diarrhea showed better preventive effects, which can improve the immune ability of children and improve the immune system function, without any side effects