機體的最基本單位為細胞，藥物的體內(nèi)動態(tài)就是其在體內(nèi)一系列跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運的綜合效果，因此掌握藥物跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運的特點和機制非常重要。以往在研究藥物的跨膜過程時，多通過其理化性質(zhì)來分析其跨膜能力。藥物的理化性質(zhì)并不是決定其跨膜能力的唯一因素，生物膜上的蛋白質(zhì)在其跨膜過程中也起到了重要的、甚至是決定性的作用。主要就細胞膜的結(jié)構(gòu)特點、跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運機制及膜上的主要蛋白進行綜述。

Cells are the most basic units of organism. Drugs' in vivo dynamics are a series of trans-membrane transport in the body of the combined effect, so to master the characteristics and mechanisms of drug transmembrane transport is very important. In the past, when studying the transmembrane process of drugs, most of them analyzed their physical and chemical properties to analyze the transmembrane capabilities. Recent studies have found that the physicochemical properties of drugs are not the only determinants of their transmembrane capacity, and proteins on biomembranes also play an important, even decisive, role in their transmembrane processes. In this paper, the structural characteristics of the cell membrane, transmembrane transport mechanism, and membrane protein are reviewed.

國家自然科學基金青年科學基金項目（81503154）