目的 研究大鼠慢性心衰（HF）急性加重模型方法學(xué)。方法 SD大鼠麻醉后，測(cè)定術(shù)前左室縮短分?jǐn)?shù)（FS），結(jié)扎冠狀動(dòng)脈前降支（假手術(shù)組只穿線不結(jié)扎），8周后，測(cè)定術(shù)后FS，選取FS較術(shù)前下降50%以上的大鼠作為HF模型鼠，按FS心衰程度隨機(jī)分為3組，每組10只。采用生理鹽水作為容量負(fù)荷方式，按容量負(fù)荷程度分為輕度（1 mL/kg，即HF+輕度負(fù)荷組）、中度（2 mL/kg，即HF+中度負(fù)荷組）、重度（3 mL/kg，即HF+重度負(fù)荷組）3種模式，輸注速度1 mL/min。假手術(shù)組同重度負(fù)荷模式。測(cè)定左室壓最大上升/下降速率（±LVdp/dt_max）、左室舒張末期壓（LVEDP）、中心靜脈壓（CVP）、呼吸頻率（RR）、心率（HR）并對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。結(jié)果 HF大鼠給予不同容量負(fù)荷，+LVdp/dt_max出現(xiàn)不同程度降低，輕、中、重負(fù)荷心臟收縮功能惡化百分率分別可達(dá)40%、80%、100%；隨著負(fù)荷加重，RR減低率逐漸增多，重度負(fù)荷可達(dá)到100%；輕、中、重度負(fù)荷HR降低幅度最大可達(dá)3.5%、7.5%、8.4%，CVP升高幅度分別最大可達(dá)23.7%、31.1%、51.5%；LVEDP升高幅度分別最大可達(dá)2.5、5.7、10.3 mmHg。與假手術(shù)組比較，中、重負(fù)荷組負(fù)荷后一段時(shí)間內(nèi)±LVdp/dt_max、LVEDP、CVP、RR、HR差異顯著（P<0.05、0.01、0.001）。結(jié)論 容量負(fù)荷法在一定程度上，可以使大鼠慢性心衰具備部分急性加重的特征。

Objective To study a methodology of acute exacerbation heart failure model in rats. Methods After anesthesia, the preoperative left ventricular FS was detected in SD rats, and the anterior descending coronary artery was ligated (the sham group's line was not ligated, normal group). After 8 weeks, the postoperative FS was detected and the rats whose FS was decreased by more than 50% from the preoperative level were randomly divided into three groups (10 rats in each group) according to the degree of FS heart failure. Using NS as a volume overload, the postoperative rats were divided into three groups according to the degree of volume overload:HF + mild group (1 mL/kg); HF + moderate group (2 mL/kg); HF + severe group (3 mL/kg).The infusion rate was 1 mL/min. The NS load mode was used in the same manner as the heavy load mode in the normal group. ±LVdp/dt_max, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (VEDP), central venous pressure (CVP), respiratory rate (RR), and heart rate (HR) was detected and the date was performed statistical processing. Results + LVdp/dt_max decreased to various degrees after the rats with heart failure were given series of volume overload. The percentage of systolic dysfunction in light, moderate and heavy capacity was 40%, 80%, and 100%, respectively; The reduced percentage of RR gradually increases as the capacity load increases and the heavy load can be reached at 100%; The maximum reduction of HR in light, medium, and severe load groups can reach 3.5%, 7.5%, and 8.4%, and the maximum increase of CVP can reach 23.7%, 31.1%, and 51.5%, and the maximum increase of LVEDP can be 2.5, 5.7, and 10.3 mmHg, respectively. Compared to sham group, ±LVdp/dt_max, LVEDP, CVP, RR, and HR of moderate and severe groups had significantly difference. Conclusion To a certain extent, volume overload method can cause acute exacerbation heart failure.