目的 通過分析肺表面活性物質(zhì)（PS）的不同首劑量對(duì)新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合征（NRDS）的臨床療效。方法 選取2015年4月—2018年3月在平頂山市第一人民醫(yī)院收治確診的NRDS 100例作為研究對(duì)象，采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為70 mg/kg劑量組和100 mg/kg劑量組，每組各50例，分別給予注射用牛肺表面活性劑首劑量70、100 mg/kg出生體質(zhì)量的治療劑量。比較兩組患兒的機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間、氧療時(shí)間、再次應(yīng)用PS率、住院肺炎發(fā)生率及治療前后的氧分壓（pO₂）、二氧化碳分壓（pCO₂）、吸入氧濃度（FiO₂）、平均動(dòng)脈壓（MAP）。結(jié)果 治療后，100 mg/kg組患兒的機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間、氧療時(shí)間、再次應(yīng)用PS率、住院肺炎發(fā)生率均低于70 mg/kg組，差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05），但兩組患兒住院時(shí)間相比沒有顯著差異。兩組患兒經(jīng)過治療后pO₂、pCO₂、FiO₂、MAP均優(yōu)于治療前，同組治療前后比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05），其中100 mg/kg組患兒治療后pCO₂、FiO₂、MAP明顯優(yōu)于70 mg/kg組，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05），但治療后兩組pO₂差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論 注射用牛肺表面活性劑首劑量100 mg/kg出生體質(zhì)量應(yīng)用于新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合癥，能有效顯著縮短患兒的氧療時(shí)間及住院時(shí)間，降低住院肺炎發(fā)生率，具有較好的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of different initial doses of pulmonary surfactant (PS) for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods Children (100 cases) with NRDS in Pingdingshan First People's Hospital from April 2015 to March 2018 were divided into 70 mg/kg dose group and 100 mg/kg dose group by random number table method, 50 cases in each group, the initial doses of Calf Pulmonary Surfactant for Injection were 70 and 100 mg/kg body mass of birth respectively. Mechanical ventilation duration, oxygen therapy time, PS rate of reapplication, incidence of pneumonia in hospital in two groups were compared, and the pO₂, pCO₂, FiO₂, and MAP in two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the mechanical ventilation duration, oxygen therapy time, PS rate of reapplication, and the incidence of pneumonia in hospital in the 100 mg/kg group were lower than those in the 100 mg/kg group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in hospital stay between two groups. After treatment, pO₂, pCO₂, FiO₂ and MAP in two groups were all better than those before, and the difference between two groups before and after treatment was statistically significant (P<0.05). And pCO₂, FiO₂ and MAP in the 100 mg/kg group were significantly better than that of the 70 mg/kg group after treatment, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05), but pO₂ in two groups had no statistically significant difference after treatment. Conclusion The initial dose of Calf Pulmonary Surfactant for Injection 100 mg/kg was applied to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, which can effectively shorten the duration of oxygen therapy and hospitalization, reduce the incidence of pneumonia in hospital, and has good clinical application value.