甘草及甘草酸類成分有抗冠狀病毒、流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和人巨細(xì)胞病毒等呼吸道病毒的作用，其機(jī)制可能與抑制病毒的蛋白合成，導(dǎo)致病毒復(fù)制受阻；改善免疫調(diào)控，上調(diào)一氧化氮表達(dá)，抑制血小板聚集，抑制炎癥反應(yīng)，保護(hù)宿主有關(guān)。甘草及甘草酸類成分有止咳祛痰、平喘及肺保護(hù)和抗肺纖維化作用，其機(jī)制可能是通過上調(diào)過氧化物酶體增殖激活受體-γ（PPARγ）、血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)化酶2（ACE2）和IκB-α的表達(dá)，阻滯ERK/NF-κB信號通路，又能與高遷移率屬蛋白B1（HMGB1）結(jié)合直接抑制HMGB1的化學(xué)趨化和促有絲分裂的活性，抑制炎性細(xì)胞因子表達(dá)、杯狀細(xì)胞增生和黏蛋白過表達(dá)，以及上調(diào)水通道蛋白表達(dá)，減輕炎癥反應(yīng)；通過阻滯TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB信號通路保護(hù)肺上皮細(xì)胞；通過阻滯IL-17/TGFβ1/Smad信號通路，抑制膠原合成和成纖維細(xì)胞增生，減輕肺纖維化形成；也可通過上調(diào)Smad7的表達(dá)，抑制氣道重塑，改善肺功能。

Licorice and glycyrrhizic acid have the effects against coronavirus, influenza virus, RSV, PRRSV, cytomegalovirus, their mechanisms can relate to inhibit synthesis of protein in virus to obstruction replication of virus; and can relate to improve immunoregulation, up-regulating the expression of NO, inhibiting platelet aggregation and inflammation, so can protect host. Licorice and glycyrrhizic acid can stop cough, expel phlegm, asthma, protect lung and resist pulmonary fibrosis, their mechanisms may be up-regulating the expressions of PPARγ, ACE2, and IκB- α, to blockade ERK/NFκB pathway; and can combine with HMGB1 to directly inhibit its activities of chemotaxis and mitogenesis, to inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines, caliciform cell hyperplasia and mucin expression, and up-regulate aquaporin expression, so can alleviate inflammatory response; may be through blocking TLR-4/MyD88/NFκB pathway to protect pulmonary epithelial cells, and through blocking IL-17/TGFβ1/Smad pathway to inhibit collagen synthesis and fibrocyte hyperplasia, so can alleviate pulmonary fibrogenesis; may be through upregulating the expression of Smad7 to inhibit airway remodeling, so can ameliorate pulmonary function.

R285.5;R978.7