目的 研究家兔鼻腔的解剖學(xué)和組織學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)，為吸入性毒性研究提供有效的病理學(xué)評價方法。方法 采集正常成年家兔的鼻腔，經(jīng)10%中性福爾馬林溶液固定，三氯甲烷脫脂，甲酸溶液脫鈣后，從鼻腔頂端開始連續(xù)切片，HE染色，對其中具有標(biāo)志性的解剖學(xué)和組織學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)部位的4個切面的主要上皮類型和組織結(jié)構(gòu)進行評價。結(jié)果 切面Ⅰ在緊靠門齒后修取，主要排列有鱗狀上皮帶有少量密集的變移上皮，該部位僅適用于灌注給藥試驗的毒性病理學(xué)評價。第一個腭脊處修取切面II，主要排列有變移上皮和呼吸上皮。緊靠第一個上前臼齒前修取切面III，緊靠第一個上臼齒前修取切面IV，切面III和切面IV排列有呼吸上皮和嗅上皮，通常還分布有鼻相關(guān)性淋巴組織。與大鼠、小鼠、狗、猴相比，家兔鼻腔的相對體積與人類似。結(jié)論 通過家兔明顯的顱骨解剖標(biāo)志物確定鼻腔的4個組織切面，可完整涵蓋所有鼻腔內(nèi)的組織結(jié)構(gòu)特征，這為臨床前藥物安全性評價中鼻腔的科學(xué)性評估提供支持和幫助。

Objective To research the anatomy and histology of rabbit nasal cavity in order to provide an effective pathological evaluation method for inhalation toxicity study. Methods The nasal cavities of normal adult rabbits were collected and fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution, skimmed by chloroform, decalcified by formic acid solution, then continuously sectioned from the tops of the nasal cavities, finally, the nasal cavity tissue sections were HE stained. The major epithelial types and histological structures were evaluated in these four levels of the nasal cavity with anatomical and histological features. Results Level I was sectioned immediately posterior to the incisors and lined predominantly by squamous epithelium with small amounts of dense transitional epithelium. This level is only suitable for the evaluation of the toxic pathology of perfusion administration study. Level II was sectioned at the first palatal ridge and lined primarily with transitional and respiratory epithelium. Level III was sectioned immediately anterior to the first upper premolar teeth, and Level IV was sectioned immediately anterior to the first upper molar. Levels III and IV were lined with respiratory and olfactory epithelium and often contained nasal-associated lymphoid tissue. The relative volume of the rabbit nasal cavity is also similar to that of humans in comparison with those of other common laboratory species rat, mouse, dog, and cynomolgus monkey. Conclusion The four sections of the nasal cavity determined by the obvious skull anatomical markers of the rabbit can completely cover all the structural characteristics of the nasal cavity, which will provide support and help for the scientific evaluation of the nasal cavity in the preclinical drug safety evaluation.

R965.3

“十三五”重大新藥創(chuàng)制專項課題“創(chuàng)新藥物非臨床安全性評價研究關(guān)鍵技術(shù)”（編號2018ZX09201017）