目的檢測淡豆豉炮制過程中各樣本γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）含量并研究其抗抑郁作用。方法應用柱前在線衍生-高效液相色譜技術測定原料黑大豆（H）、發(fā)酵第6天（F6）、再悶6 d（Z6）、再悶15 d（Z15）樣本水煎液中GABA含量；將昆明種小鼠隨機分成對照組、模型組、鹽酸氟西汀（陽性對照，0.01 g/kg）組、GABA（0.012 8 g/kg）組、H（1.52 g/kg）組、F6（1.52 g/kg）組、Z6（1.52 g/kg）組和Z15低、中、高劑量（0.76、1.52、3.04 g/kg）組，采用單籠飼養(yǎng)加慢性溫和不可預知性應激（CUMS）制備小鼠抑郁模型，各組在造模同時開始ig給藥，每日應激前1 h給藥，連續(xù)28 d。檢測各組小鼠體質量、糖水偏好、敞箱、懸尾、強迫游泳等行為學指標的變化。結果 H和F6樣本水煎液未檢出GABA，Z6、Z15樣本的GABA質量分數(shù)分別為5.559、8.421 mg/g。與對照組比較，模型組小鼠的體質量、糖水偏好、跨格數(shù)和直立數(shù)均顯著減少（P<0.01），懸尾及游泳不動時間顯著增加（P<0.05、0.01），表明CUMS抑郁模型制備成功。與模型組比較，鹽酸氟西汀組、GABA組、Z6組和Z15高劑量組糖水偏愛度、敞箱實驗跨格數(shù)和直立數(shù)均顯著增加（P<0.05、0.01），Z15中劑量組糖水偏愛度和敞箱實驗直立數(shù)顯著增加（P<0.05、0.01）；鹽酸氟西汀組、GABA組、Z6組及Z15高、中劑量組懸尾實驗的不動時間均顯著減少（P<0.05、0.01）；各組小鼠強迫游泳實驗的不動時間均顯著縮短（P<0.05、0.01）。結論發(fā)現(xiàn)淡豆豉炮制后期出現(xiàn)高含量GABA；淡豆豉顯著改善小鼠的快感缺失、行為絕望等抑郁癥狀，具有良好的抗抑郁作用并與GABA含量可能有關。

Objective To study the content of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its antidepressant effect of each sample at different time points during the processing of Sojae Semen Praeparatum (SSP). Methods The GABA content in the decoction of raw black soybean (H), fermentation day 6 (F6), "secondary fermentation" for 6 days (Z6) and 15 days (Z15) was determined by pre-column on-line high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). KM mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, fluoxetine hydrochloride (positive control, 0.01 g/kg) group, GABA (0.012 8 g/kg) group, H (1.52 g/kg) group, F6 (1.52 g/kg) group, Z6 group (1.52 g/kg) and Z15 low, high, medium and doses (0.76, 1.52 and 3.04 g/kg). The mouse depression model was prepared by single cage feeding plus chronic mild unpredictable stress, each at the same time in the building began to ig drugs. The drug was given 1 h before daily stress for 28 consecutive days. The body weight, sugar water preference and open box of each group were detected. Changes in behavioral indicators such as hangovers and forced swimming were detected. Results GABA content in each sample decoction: H and F6 were not detected, and the content of Z6 and Z15 were 5.559, 8.421 mg/g. Antidepressant effects of each sample: Compared with control group, the weight, syrup preference, cross-grid number and erect number of model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the time of suspension and swimming was significant. An increase (P < 0.05 or 0.01) indicates that the CUMS depression model was successfully constructed. Compared with model group, the preference for sugar water, the cross-cell number and the upright number of open box experiment in metformin hydrochloride group, GABA group, Z6 group and Z15 high-dose group were significantly increased (P < 0.05 or 0.01), and the preference for sugar water and the upright number of open box experiment in Z15 medium-dose group were significantly increased (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The immovable time of tail suspension test in metformin hydrochloride group, GABA group, Z6 group and Z15 high-dose and medium-dose groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The immobility time of forced swimming test was significantly shortened in all groups (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion It was found that there was high content of GABA in the later stage of processing of Sojae Semen Praeparatum, Sojae Semen Praeparatum significantly improved the depression symptoms of mice, such as lack of pleasure and behavior despair, which had good antidepressant effect and might be related to the content of GABA.

R285.5

國家自然科學基金資助項目（81660664）；江西省重點研發(fā)計劃一般項目（20192BBGL70051）；江西省教育廳科學技術研究項目（GJJ190636、GJJ180655、GJJ170719）