轉(zhuǎn)錄信使RNA（mRNA）具有安全有效的蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)譜，在遺傳病新療法、表達(dá)功能性蛋白和抗體、疫苗或基因編輯的開發(fā)上具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。隨著病原生物學(xué)與免疫學(xué)的發(fā)展，mRNA疫苗憑借其高效性與穩(wěn)定性而愈發(fā)被重視。目前，有效的體內(nèi)遞送手段是mRNA疫苗所面臨的較大挑戰(zhàn)，脂質(zhì)載體的mRNA疫苗遞送系統(tǒng)具有靶向性強(qiáng)、包封率高、細(xì)胞親和性好的特點(diǎn)，部分脂質(zhì)載體能夠使mRNA疫苗在體內(nèi)以非侵入性的方式進(jìn)行靶向遞送。從mRNA疫苗遞送的主要難點(diǎn)、脂質(zhì)載體在mRNA疫苗遞送中的研究現(xiàn)狀以及針對新型冠狀病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的mRNA脂質(zhì)載體疫苗開發(fā)進(jìn)展，共3個方面總結(jié)了目前基于脂質(zhì)載體的mRNA疫苗遞送系統(tǒng)研究進(jìn)展，并對未來的基因疫苗遞送系統(tǒng)研究方向進(jìn)行展望。

Transcriptional messenger RNA(mRNA) has a safe and effective protein expression profile and a good application prospect in the development of new treatment strategies for genetic diseases, expression of functional proteins and antibodies, vaccines or gene editing. With the development of pathogenic biology and immunology, mRNA vaccine has been paid more and more attention because of its high efficiency and stability. At present, the effective means of in vivo delivery is a great challenge for mRNA vaccines. The mRNA vaccine delivery system based on lipid carriers has the characteristics of strong targeting, high entrapment efficiency and good cellular affinity. Some lipid carriers can enable mRNA vaccines to be targeted in a non-invasive manner. This review summarized the research progress of mRNA vaccine delivery system based on lipid vector from three aspects: main challenge of mRNA vaccine delivery, research status of lipid carriers in mRNA vaccine delivery and development progress of mRNA lipid carrier vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, and looks forward to the research direction of gene vaccine delivery system in the future.

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國家自然科學(xué)基金面上資助項(xiàng)目（82074030）；天津市科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目（19JCTPJC57600）；2020年度天津中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)研究生科研創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目（YJSKC-20201022）