磁性氧化鐵納米粒子（MION）作為一種重要的納米材料，因其特殊性質(zhì)（如磁性、較好的生物相容性）在生物醫(yī)藥領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用廣泛，在與人腦相關(guān)的疾病診斷和治療方面發(fā)揮重要作用。然而，MION在腦內(nèi)的蓄積可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致潛在的神經(jīng)毒性。從MION的表征、入腦方式、神經(jīng)毒性效應(yīng)以及神經(jīng)毒性機(jī)制等方面概述了MION的神經(jīng)毒性研究進(jìn)展。目前，研究者對(duì)納米毒理學(xué)中的神經(jīng)毒理學(xué)還了解甚少，輕度或中度的神經(jīng)毒性可能很微妙且難以檢測。因此，對(duì)于MION這類可能入腦或用于診斷和治療神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的納米藥物，應(yīng)深入探究其神經(jīng)毒性作用機(jī)制，進(jìn)而建立有效的安全性評(píng)價(jià)方法和策略，以指導(dǎo)臨床合理用藥。

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MION) is an important nanomaterials for its magnetism and biocompatibility, especially in the field of biology and medicine. It also plays an important role on the diagnosis and treatment of brain's diseases. However, this may result in MION's accumulation in the brain, leading to neurotoxicity. This article reviews the progress of neurotoxicity of MION, involving MION's entry into the brain, characterization, effects on the brain and the mechanism of neurotoxicity. Currently, understand little on nano-neurotoxicity, for difficulty of identifying the mild or moderate neurotoxicity caused by nanomedicine. Therefore, for nanomedicine like MION that might enter the brain to diagnose and treat neurodegenerative diseases, mechanism of neurotoxicity should be studied thoroughly and methods assessing its safety should be established to guide its use clinically.

十三五重大新藥創(chuàng)制專項(xiàng)資助項(xiàng)目（2018ZX09201017）