目的 比較研究白麻Apocynum pictum葉和羅布麻Apocynum venetum葉的化學(xué)成分及抗炎活性差異。方法 取白麻葉和羅布麻葉，20倍量60%乙醇溶液回流提取 2 次 ，每次 1.5 h ，合并提取液，濃縮、干燥，即得白麻葉提取物（APLE）、羅布麻葉提取物（AVLE）；以每毫升藥液0.03 g藥材的濃度過HPD300大孔樹脂柱，水洗除雜后以60%乙醇溶液洗脫，收集洗脫液，濃縮、干燥，即得白麻葉精制物（APLP）、羅布麻葉精制物（AVLP）。利用UPLC/Q-TOF/MS鑒定白麻葉和羅布麻葉提取物及精制物的化學(xué)成分，進(jìn)而以HPLC檢測白麻苷、蘆丁、異槲皮苷、金絲桃苷和紫云英苷的含量。在進(jìn)行急性毒性實(shí)驗(yàn)確定最大耐受劑量的基礎(chǔ)上，采用小鼠棉球肉芽腫模型考察4種樣品對小鼠肉芽腫指數(shù)、抑制率和腎上腺指數(shù)的影響，并檢測血清組胺、5-羥色胺和前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）水平。結(jié)果 以UPLC/Q-TOF/MS從4種樣品中鑒定出化學(xué)成分97個，其中白麻葉和羅布麻葉的共有化學(xué)成分82個，主要是黃酮、黃酮糖苷和黃烷酮。HPLC檢測結(jié)果顯示，APLE、APLP中的白麻苷質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)分別為 2.43%和 11.98%，羅布麻樣品中未檢出白麻苷，但 AVLP中蘆丁、異槲皮苷、金絲桃苷和紫云英苷的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)分別是APLP的30.37、1.75、8.64、1.58倍。動物實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，與模型組比較，1.50、0.75 g·kg^-1的APLP可顯著降低小鼠棉球肉芽腫指數(shù)（P＜0.05），抑制率分別為 25.79%、21.75%；1.50 g·kg^-1劑量可顯著降低血清組胺和 5-羥色胺水平（P＜0.05），0.75 g·kg^-1劑量可顯著降低 5-羥色胺水平（P＜0.01）；APLE、APLP 下調(diào) PGE₂水平，差異不顯著；AVLE、AVLP 顯著升高PGE₂水平（P＜0.05）。結(jié)論 白麻葉和羅布麻葉的化學(xué)成分同中有異，相同方法制備的樣品在抗炎活性上有較為明顯的差別，其中APLP的抗炎活性最強(qiáng)，作用機(jī)制可能與調(diào)節(jié)血管活性胺的釋放相關(guān)。

Objective To compare the differences of chemical component and anti-inflammatory activity between Apocynum pictum Schrenk leaves and Apocynum venetum Linn. lesves. Methods Taked A. pictum leaves and A. venetum leaves, refluxed and extracted them with 20 times the amount of 60% ethanol solution twice, 1.5 h each time, combined with the extract solution, concentrate, and dry to obtain A. pictum leaves extract (APLE) and A. venetum leaves extract (AVLE). Passed a concentration of 0.03 g per milliliter of medicinal liquid through a HPD300 macroporous resin column, washing with water to remove impurities, eluting with 60% ethanol solution, collecting the eluent, concentrating, and drying to obtain A. pictum leaves purification (APLP) and A. venetum leaves purification (AVLP). Then, UPLC/Q-TOF/MS was performed to identify chemical component of different samples that extracted or purified from leaves of A. pictum and A. venetum. HPLC was utilized to determine the contents of baimaside, rutin, isoquercitrin, hyperin, and astragalin in each sample. After acute toxicity test, the effects of different samples against granuloma index, inhibition rate, and adrenal index in granuloma mice were investigated, respectively. At the meanwhile, the contents of histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in mice serum were detected, separately. Results Totally 97 ingredients, mainly flavonoids, flavonosides, and flavanones, were identified from different samples by UPLC/Q-TOF/MS, and 82 of them were found in both A. pictum and A. venetum. The results of HPLC showed that the contents of baimaside in the extractive and purified sample of A. pictum leaves were 2.43% and 11.98%, respectively. However, baimaside was not detected in A. venetum. leaves samples. Moreover, the contents of rutin, isoquercitrin, hypericin, and astragalin in the AVLE were 30.37, 1.75, 8.64, and 1.58 times of that in the APLP. Animal experiments showed that, 1.50 and 0.75 g·kg^-1 APLP significantly decreased granulomatous index (P＜0.05), with the inhibition rate of 25.79% and 21.75%, respectively. APLP of 1.5 g·kg^-1 significantly decreased the contents of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamin (P＜0.05), while 0.75 g·kg^-1 APLP significantly decreased the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (P＜0.01). APLE and APLP down regulated PGE₂ levels, with no significant difference. AVLE and AVLP significantly increased PGE₂levels (P＜0.05). Conclusion There are both similarities and differences in components of A. pictum leaves and A. venetum leaves. Therefore, samples prepared by the same method showed different degrees of anti-inflammatory activity. The APLP exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory activity, with the action mechanism of regulating the release of vasoactive amine.

R285.5

新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)自然科學(xué)基金（2020D01A114）；新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)天山英才計(jì)劃（2021-2023）