黃芪是大宗藥材，有效成分主要包括多糖類、皂苷類和黃酮類。多糖類成分是黃芪中含量最多的活性成分，具有提高免疫力、抗衰老、改善記憶力等藥理作用；皂苷類成分具有抗炎、免疫調節(jié)、抗氧化等作用；黃酮類成分具有顯著的抗氧化、抗衰老等作用。黃芪有效成分的質量控制方法以高效液相色譜法最為常用，根據不同有效成分的特性可選用不同的檢測器；另外，紅外光譜法、色譜-質譜聯用技術等也是其質量控制的有效方法。綜述黃芪有效成分的藥理作用及其質量控制研究進展，明確黃芪有效成分的藥理作用并為黃芪各有效成分的質量控制提供參考和依據。

Astragali Radix is a kind of bulk medicinal materials, and its effective components mainly include polysaccharides, saponins and flavonoids. Among them, polysaccharides are the most active ingredients in Astragali Radix, which can improve immunity, anti-aging and memory. Saponins have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects. Flavonoids have significant antioxidant and anti-aging effects. High performance liquid chromatography is the most commonly used method for quality control of the effective components of Astragali Radix. Different detectors can be selected according to the characteristics of different effective components. In addition, infrared spectroscopy, chromatography-mass spectrometry are also effective methods for quality control. In this paper, pharmacological effects and quality research progress of effective components in Astragali Radix were reviewed, so as to clarify pharmacological effects of effective components and provide reference and basis for quality control of effective components in Astragali Radix.