間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞（MSCs）是一類(lèi)來(lái)源于中胚層的多能干細(xì)胞，具有多向分化潛能、促進(jìn)干細(xì)胞植入、造血支持、免疫調(diào)控及自我復(fù)制的生物學(xué)特性，是干細(xì)胞家族重要成員。由于其免疫調(diào)節(jié)、血管再生、組織修復(fù)等作用，MSCs已逐漸成為多項(xiàng)治療領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)之一，并在自身免疫性疾病、組織損傷以及各種替代治療領(lǐng)域成為一種非常有潛力、有前景的治療藥物。當(dāng)機(jī)體組織損傷或發(fā)生炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)時(shí)，外源性給予的MSCs進(jìn)入機(jī)體后可歸巢至病變部位，并與體內(nèi)的多種細(xì)胞發(fā)生相互作用，恢復(fù)機(jī)體正常生理功能、維持機(jī)體微環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)，修復(fù)病變組織器官。通過(guò)綜述MSCs進(jìn)入體內(nèi)后的分布、歸巢特性及相關(guān)影響因素、體內(nèi)外檢測(cè)方法及其作為藥物開(kāi)發(fā)的成藥性研究進(jìn)展，為干細(xì)胞從醫(yī)療技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為藥物提供指導(dǎo)。

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a kind of multipotent stem cells derived from mesoderm. MSCs has the biological characteristics of multi-directional differentiation potential, promoting stem cell implantation, hematopoietic support, immune adjustment and self-replication as an important member of stem cells. Due to its effects on immune regulation, blood vessel regeneration, tissue repair, it has gradually become one of the research hotspots in therapeutic fields and has become a very potential and promising therapeutic drug in the field of autoimmune diseases, tissue injury and various alternative therapies. When the body or tissue is injured or inflammatory cell infiltration occurs, exogenous MSCs can home to the diseased site after entering the body and interact with a variety of cells in body, restore biological functions of body, maintain microenvironment homeostasis and repair the diseased tissues and organs. This review provides guidance for the transformation of stem cells from medical technology to drugs by exploring the distribution, homing characteristics and related influencing factors after MSCs entering the body, in vitro and in vivo detection methods and druggability research progress.

R979.9

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（82073928）；南京市生命健康科技專(zhuān)項(xiàng)（202110006）