目的 初步研究純種發(fā)酵淡豆豉的抗抑郁作用及其活性成分。方法 制備自然發(fā)酵淡豆豉和枯草芽孢桿菌純種發(fā)酵淡豆豉，采用顯色鑒別、薄層鑒別、異黃酮和 γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的含量測定對純種發(fā)酵淡豆豉進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評價(jià)；昆明小鼠按體質(zhì)量隨機(jī)分為 8 組，每組 10 只，雌雄各半，分別為對照組、模型組、鹽酸氟西?。栃詫φ?，0.01 g·kg^-1）組、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA，0.014 45 g·kg^-1）組、異黃酮（0.003 05 g·kg^-1）組、自然發(fā)酵淡豆豉 醇 提 水 洗 脫 物（水 洗 脫 物 ，1.82 g·kg^-1）組 、自 然 發(fā) 酵 淡 豆豉 總 提 物（自 然 發(fā) 酵 ，1.82 g·kg^-1）組、純種發(fā)酵淡豆豉總提物（純種發(fā)酵，1.82 g·kg^-1）組，除對照組外，建立慢性溫和不可預(yù)知應(yīng)激（CUMS）小鼠抑郁模型，邊造模邊給藥，每日應(yīng)激前 1 h ig 給藥，連續(xù)給藥 28 d。實(shí)驗(yàn)第 0、7、14、21、28 天分別測定各組小鼠體質(zhì)量，第 28 天給藥 1 h 后，進(jìn)行懸尾、強(qiáng)迫游泳、糖水偏好、敞箱實(shí)驗(yàn)各行為學(xué)指標(biāo)檢測；HE 染色后觀察海馬 CA1 區(qū)病理學(xué)變化；超高效液相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法（UPLC-MS/MS）鑒定水洗脫物組、純種發(fā)酵組的主要化學(xué)成分。結(jié)果 純種發(fā)酵淡豆豉與自然發(fā)酵淡豆豉有相同的顯色反應(yīng)、顯色斑點(diǎn)和 GABA 含量。與模型組相比，各給藥組在應(yīng)激第 14、21、28 天時(shí)體質(zhì)量增加明顯（P＜0.01），懸尾及強(qiáng)迫游泳不動(dòng)時(shí)間顯著降低（P＜0.01）；GABA 組、異黃酮組、純種發(fā)酵組、自然發(fā)酵水洗脫物組小鼠糖水偏好指數(shù)均顯著增加（P＜0.05、0.01）；鹽酸氟西汀組、水洗脫物組、GABA 組、純種發(fā)酵組小鼠敞箱實(shí)驗(yàn)跨格數(shù)和直立數(shù)均顯著增加（P＜0.05、0.01）；各給藥組海馬 CA1 區(qū)細(xì)胞排列緊密有序，邊緣圓潤，細(xì)胞間隙正常。純種發(fā)酵組與自然發(fā)酵總提物組、水洗脫物組小鼠的各項(xiàng)行為學(xué)指標(biāo)均無顯著差異。自然發(fā)酵醇提水洗脫物組、純種發(fā)酵總提物組都含有大豆苷元、染料木素、GABA 和各種氨基酸。結(jié)論 純種發(fā)酵淡豆豉具有與自然發(fā)酵淡豆豉相似的抗抑郁作用，抗抑郁作用的主要成分可能是 GABA 和異黃酮。

Objective A preliminary study on the antidepressant effect of pure-bred fermented Sojae Semen Praeparatum (PF-SSP) and its active components. Methods According to the established process in our laboratory, natural fermented Sojae Semen Praeparatum (NF-SSP) and PF-SSP by Bacillus subtilis were prepared. The quality evaluation of PF-SSP was carried out by colorimetric identification, thin-layer identification, and content determination of flavonoid and γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA). Divided Kunming mice into eight groups randomly by body weight, with 10 mice in each group, half male and half female. The groups were as follows: control group, model group, fluoxetine (positive control, 0.01 g·kg^-1) group, GABA (0.014 45 g·kg^-1) group, flavonoid (0.003 05 g·kg^-1) group, NF-SSP ethanol extract washout material (water washout material, 1.82 g·kg^-1) group, NF-SSP total extract (NF-SSP, 1.82 g·kg^-1) group, PF-SSP total extract group (PF-SSP, 1.82 g·kg^-1). Except for the control group, an experimental model of chronic mild unpredictable stress (CUMS) in mice was established, and the mice were given drugs while being subjected to the model. Drugs were administered ig one hour before the stress every day for 28 consecutive days. Body weight was measured in mice at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The behavioral indicators of the hanging tail, forced swimming, sucrose preference, and open field test were detected 1 h after giving drugs on day 28. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 area. UPLC-MS/MS was used to identify the main chemical components of the aqueous extract and pure strain fermentation products. Results PF-SSP and NF-SSP had the same color reaction, color spots and GABA content. Compared with model group, the body weight of each treatment group increased significantly at 14, 21, and 28 days after stress (P<0.01), and the immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swimming test were significantly reduced (P<0.01); the sucrose preference index of GABA group, isoflavone group, PF-SSP group, and water washout group mice were significantly increased (P<0.05, 0.01); the number of grid crossings and standing up in the open field test of fluoxetine hydrochloride group, washout group, GABA group, and PF-SSP group mice were significantly increased (P<0.05, 0.01); the cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in each treatment group were arranged tightly and orderly, with smooth edges and normal cell gaps. The behavioral indices of the pure fermentation group and the natural fermentation total extract group were not significantly different from those of the model group. The natural fermentation ethanol extract washout group and the pure fermentation total extract group both contained daidzein, genistein, GABA, and various amino acids. Conclusion PF-SSP had the similar antidepressant effect as NF-SSP, the main components of antidepressant effect may be GABA and isoflavones.

R285.5

國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（82060709，82360772）；江西省教育廳科學(xué)技術(shù)研究項(xiàng)目（GJJ180655）