白頭翁是毛茛科白頭翁屬植物白頭翁 Pulsatilla chinensis的干燥根，是常用的傳統(tǒng)中藥，始載于《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》，氣味微苦澀，具有清熱解毒之功效。白頭翁提取物及有效部位對肺癌、腸癌、肝癌、胃癌、卵巢癌、白血病、黑色素瘤等均表現(xiàn)出明顯的抗腫瘤作用，可顯著抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長及轉(zhuǎn)移，其抗腫瘤的主要有效部位為白頭翁皂苷。白頭翁皂苷及提取物對動脈粥樣硬化、心肌炎、高血壓等心血管疾病，慢性阻塞性肺疾病和哮喘等呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病，銀屑病、系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡、類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎等自身免疫性疾病，阿爾茨海默病、帕金森病等神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病具有保護(hù)作用。白頭翁提取物及有效部位的其他作用還有抗衰老、抗菌、抗病毒、降血糖等。綜述了白頭翁提取物及有效部位的藥理作用及研究現(xiàn)狀，以期為白頭翁的進(jìn)一步研究及新藥研發(fā)提供理論基礎(chǔ)。

Pulsatillae Radix, the dried root of Pulsatilla chinensis, a plant belonging to the Ranunculaceae family, is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. It was first recorded in the "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing". It has a slight odor and a slightly bitter taste, with the efficacy of clearing heat and detoxification. Pulsatillae Radix extract and its active components have shown significant anti-tumor effects on various types of cancer including lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, leukemia, melanoma, etc. It can significantly inhibit the growth and metastasis of tumor cells, with the main active component in its anti-tumor effect being Pulsatilla Radix saponin. Pulsatilla Radix saponins and extracts also have protective effects on cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocarditis, hypertension, respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc. Other effects of Pulsatilla Radix extracts and active components include anti-aging, antibacterial, antiviral, and hypoglycemic effects. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects and research status of Pulsatillae Radix extracts and active components, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for further research and new drug development of Pulsatillae Radix.

R285.5

高純度白頭翁皂苷創(chuàng)制技術(shù)研發(fā)及產(chǎn)業(yè)化項(xiàng)目（桂科AA19254024）；廣西科技基地和人才專項(xiàng)（GUIKEAA23026010）