咳嗽為呼吸道感染后常見的癥狀之一，因其在臨床長(zhǎng)期存在，且反復(fù)難治，嚴(yán)重影響了患者的生活質(zhì)量。感染后咳嗽（PIC）是指上呼吸道感染后，急性期癥狀消失，咳嗽仍然遷延不愈，其臨床表現(xiàn)為持續(xù)3～8周的刺激性干咳或伴有少量白色黏液痰。近年來，隨著新型冠狀病毒（SARS-CoV-2）、流感病毒、支原體等引發(fā)的上呼吸道感染疾病呈流行趨勢(shì)，感染后咳嗽（PIC）的發(fā)病率呈逐年上升態(tài)勢(shì)，如何高效治療PIC成為一大難題。中藥具有多途徑、多靶點(diǎn)的生物活性，在PIC治療方面有不良反應(yīng)少、用藥靈活性高、患者依從性好等獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)。但目前，PIC發(fā)生發(fā)展的具體機(jī)制尚未完全闡明，中藥治療PIC的相關(guān)機(jī)制也是近年來的研究熱點(diǎn)，目前比較明確的機(jī)制包括抑制氣道炎癥、抑制神經(jīng)源性炎癥、抑制花生四烯酸代謝、抑制咳嗽傳導(dǎo)等。對(duì)PIC的發(fā)生發(fā)展機(jī)制及中藥治療PIC的機(jī)制研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行綜述，以期為尋找開發(fā)PIC的高效治療中藥提供理論依據(jù)。

Cough is one of the common symptoms after respiratory tract infection, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients because of its long-term clinical presence and repeated intractability. Post-infectious cough (PIC) refers to an upper respiratory tract infection in which the symptoms of the acute phase disappear and the cough remains prolonged, and its clinical manifestation is an irritating dry cough or accompanied by a small amount of white mucus sputum that lasts for three to eight weeks. In recent years, with the epidemic trend of upper respiratory tract infections caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), influenza virus, mycoplasma, etc., the incidence of PIC has been on the rise year by year, and how to treat PIC efficiently has become a major problem. Traditional Chinese medicine, with its multi-pathway and multi-target biological activity, has unique advantages in PIC treatment, such as fewer adverse reactions, higher flexibility in medication administration, and better patient compliance. However, the specific mechanism of PIC development has not yet been fully elucidated, and the mechanisms related to the treatment of PIC by traditional Chinese medicine have also been a research hotspot in recent years, and the mechanisms that have been clarified so far include the inhibition of airway inflammation, inhibition of neurogenic inflammation, inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism, and the inhibition of cough conduction. The research progress on the development mechanism of PIC and the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of PIC is summarized in order to provide a theoretical basis for finding and developing highly effective therapeutic traditional Chinese medicines for PIC.

R285.5

國家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目（U21A20406）