目的 綜合評(píng)價(jià)辣木葉提取物對(duì)人脂質(zhì)代謝異常HepG2細(xì)胞模型和小鼠高脂血癥模型的脂質(zhì)異常的調(diào)節(jié)作用，探討辣木葉調(diào)血脂的主要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。方法 制備辣木葉水提物及總黃酮凍干粉；建立油酸鈉-鈉棕櫚酸酯（O-P）誘導(dǎo)的HepG2脂質(zhì)代謝異常細(xì)胞模型，以及通過(guò)注射維生素D3并給予高脂飼料喂養(yǎng)的小鼠高脂血癥模型； CCK-8檢測(cè)細(xì)胞活性，油紅O染色觀察細(xì)胞中脂滴形成情況，酶標(biāo)儀檢測(cè)細(xì)胞及小鼠血清中三酰甘油（TG）、總膽固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇（ HDL-C）和丙二醛（ MDA）、谷胱甘肽（ GSH）、超氧化物歧化酶（ SOD）水平，綜合評(píng)價(jià)辣木葉總黃酮體內(nèi)外的調(diào)脂作用及其在辣木葉調(diào)脂功效中發(fā)揮的作用。結(jié)果 細(xì)胞學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：辣木葉總黃酮降低TG、TC和MDA的作用與等效劑量辣木葉水提物作用相當(dāng)（ P＞0.05），明顯優(yōu)于或相當(dāng)于15.0 μmol·L^-1的辛伐他?。?P＜0.01）；等效劑量的辣木葉總黃酮提高GSH、SOD的作用，與模型組相比有顯著的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異（ P＜0.01），但遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于對(duì)應(yīng)的辣木葉水提物（ P＜0.05）。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：模型組小鼠的體質(zhì)量以及血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、MDA、SOD的含量與對(duì)照組相比，均有顯著的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異（ P＜0.01）；辣木葉水提物中劑量組降低TG、TC、MDA和升高SOD以及高劑量組降低LDL-C和升高HDL-C的作用，分別與等效劑量辣木葉總黃酮（中、高劑量組）的作用一致，無(wú)組間差異（ P＞0.05），與辛伐他汀的作用相當(dāng)或更優(yōu)。結(jié)論 辣木葉總黃酮可能是辣木葉調(diào)脂作用的主要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)；調(diào)血脂與抗氧化作用有關(guān)，但可能還有其他成分或通過(guò)其他機(jī)制發(fā)揮調(diào)血脂作用。

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the regulatory effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on lipid abnormalities in human HepG2 hyperlipidemia cell model and hyperlipidemic animal model in mice, and to explore the main material basis of M. oleifera for regulating blood lipids. Methods The preparation of M. oleifera leaf aqueous extract (MOLAE) and total flavonoids (FMOL) was achieved in the form of freeze-dried powders. The HepG2 cell model with lipid metabolism disorders was established by sodium oleate and sodium palmitate, and the hyperlipidemia mouse model was induced through vitamin D₃ injection and a high-fat diet regimen. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, lipid droplet formation in cells was observed using Oil Red O staining, the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in both cellular and mouse serum samples were determined using a microplate reader, these measurements were integrated to comprehensively evaluate the hypolipidemic effects of FMOL both in vitro and in vivo, as well as its role in the lipid-regulating efficacy of M. oleifera leaves. Results Cellular experiments demonstrated that the effects of FMOL in reducing TG, TC, and MDA were comparable to those of an equivalent dose of MOLAE (P > 0.05), and significantly better than or equivalent to 15.0 μmol·L^-1 simvastatin (P < 0.01); the effects of an equivalent dose of FMOL in increasing GSH and SOD showed significant statistical differences compared to the model group (P < 0.01), but were far less than those corresponding to MOLAE (P < 0.05). Animal experiments indicated that there were significant statistical differences in the body weight and serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, MDA, and SOD between the model group and the control group mice (P < 0.01). The medium dose group of MOLAE in reducing TG, TC, and MDA, and increasing SOD, as well as the high dose group in reducing LDL-C and increasing HDL-C, demonstrated effects that were consistent with those of the equivalent doses of FMOL (medium and high dose groups), with no significant intergroup differences (P > 0.05), and were comparable or superior to the effects of simvastatin (P > 0.05). Conclusion FMOL may be the main material basis for the lipid-lowering effects of M. oleifera leaf; regulating blood lipids is related to antioxidant effects (may not be the only mechanism); providing experimental basis for the development of M. oleifera leaf as a natural anti-lipid drug.

R285.5

深圳市醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生三名工程項(xiàng)目（SZZYSM202111002）；全國(guó)中藥特色技術(shù)傳承人才培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目（國(guó)中醫(yī)藥人教函[2023]96號(hào)）；鵬城歧黃工程中醫(yī)藥優(yōu)秀人才培養(yǎng)項(xiàng)目；深圳市基礎(chǔ)研究面上項(xiàng)目（JCYJ20220531102208019）；深圳市藥學(xué)會(huì)醫(yī)院藥學(xué)研究基金項(xiàng)目（恒瑞基金，SZ2022A25）；深圳大學(xué)2024年度教改項(xiàng)目（聚徒＋學(xué)術(shù)）