腸道菌群是人體內(nèi)最大的微生物群體，多種研究表明腸道菌群紊亂與多系統(tǒng)疾病發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。抗生素使用是影響腸道菌群變化的重要因素，臨床上針對感染性疾病的抗菌治療是一把雙刃劍，抗生素使用在某些嚴(yán)重感染時能治病救人，但使用不當(dāng)也會對腸道菌群造成危害。抗生素通過影響腸道菌群組成及相關(guān)免疫代謝等機制可能具有引發(fā)兒童相關(guān)疾?。裾?、過敏、哮喘、肥胖）、炎癥性腸?。?IBD）、腸易激綜合征（ IBS）、代謝性疾病、慢性肝臟疾病、腫瘤等疾病的風(fēng)險，臨床在應(yīng)用抗生素時需要采取聯(lián)用益生菌、益生元、腸菌移植（ FMT）等保護腸道菌群手段，或聯(lián)合使用抗生素縮短單獨使用抗生素的時間，聯(lián)合噬菌體等措施，減輕抗生素使用導(dǎo)致的多重耐藥菌感染及對腸道菌群的不良影響。

Intestinal flora is the largest microbial community in the human body. Recent studies have shown that the disturbance of intestinal flora is closely related to the occurrence and development of multi-system diseases. Antibiotic use is an important factor affecting the changes of intestinal flora. Antimicrobial treatment for infectious diseases is a double-edged sword in clinical practice. The use of antibiotics can treat and save lives in certain severe infections, but improper use can also cause harm to the gut microbiota and lead to new diseases. Antibiotics may increase the risk of various diseases through mechanisms such as altering intestinal flora composition and related immune-metabolic processes, including childhood conditions (eczema, allergies, asthma, obesity), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), metabolic disorders, chronic liver diseases, and malignancies. To mitigate antibiotic-induced harm to intestinal flora and reduce the risk of multidrug-resistant infections, clinical strategies should incorporate protective measures such as: Co-administration of probiotics and prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), shortening antibiotic monotherapy duration through combination therapies, and combined use of phages. These approaches aim to preserve microbial balance while maintaining therapeutic efficacy in antimicrobial treatment.

R979.9

深圳市“醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生三名工程”項目資助（SZZYSM202311018）；深圳市科技創(chuàng)新委員會項目（JCYJ20220530172804010）；深圳市龍崗區(qū)科技創(chuàng)新局項目（LGWJ2022-81）。