目的 通過(guò)研究不同比例調(diào)和油的抗過(guò)敏效果，探討脂肪酸對(duì)過(guò)敏性疾病的治療作用。方法 BALB/c小鼠隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組、模型組、調(diào)和油1（脂肪酸比例為飽和脂肪酸：ω-3：ω-6=1：1：1，5 mg/kg）組、調(diào)和油2（脂肪酸比例為飽和脂肪酸：ω-3：ω-6=2：2：1，5 mg/kg）組、地塞米松（陽(yáng)性對(duì)照，5 mg/kg）組，對(duì)照組和模型組給予等體積的生理鹽水，持續(xù)ig 21 d。分別于給藥期間的第1、8天，除對(duì)照組外，其余小鼠均ip 1 μg/μL雞卵白蛋白（OVA）的佐劑溶液致敏，每只0.1 mL，對(duì)照組ip生理鹽水；于給藥期間的第15~21天，每天鼻腔滴注10 mg/mL OVA溶液建立過(guò)敏性鼻炎模型，隔日ig 250 mg/mL、10 mL/kg的OVA溶液建立腸炎小鼠模型；觀察過(guò)敏癥狀并評(píng)分；末次激發(fā)前2 d，小鼠足墊注射0.05 mLOVA （質(zhì)量濃度2 mg/mL）溶液，48 h后用足體積記錄儀測(cè)定每只小鼠左右后足足體積，計(jì)算足腫脹率；解剖小鼠，取心臟、脾臟、腎臟、肝臟、胸腺、肺臟、小腸與結(jié)腸稱質(zhì)量，計(jì)算臟器指數(shù)。結(jié)果 與模型組比較，調(diào)和油1顯著降低小鼠過(guò)敏性鼻炎評(píng)分（P<0.05），但不能顯著減少小鼠搔鼻次數(shù)；調(diào)和油2、地塞米松組小鼠的搔鼻次數(shù)均明顯下降（P<0.05），但過(guò)敏性鼻炎評(píng)分顯著升高（P<0.05）；調(diào)和油1和地塞米松均能顯著降低小鼠腸道過(guò)敏評(píng)分和腹瀉評(píng)分（P<0.05），但調(diào)和油2顯著增加腸道過(guò)敏評(píng)分和腹瀉評(píng)分（P<0.05）；調(diào)和油1組、調(diào)和油2組、地塞米松組小鼠的足腫脹率均顯著降低（P<0.05）。與模型組比較，調(diào)和油1、2組小鼠體質(zhì)量顯著升高（P<0.05）；調(diào)和油1組心臟指數(shù)顯著下降（P<0.05），胸腺指數(shù)顯著升高（P<0.05）；調(diào)和油2組心臟指數(shù)顯著下降，結(jié)腸指數(shù)顯著升高（P<0.05）。地塞米松組小鼠的脾臟、胸腺指數(shù)均顯著下降，腎臟、肝臟、肺臟指數(shù)均顯著上升（P<0.05）。結(jié)論 調(diào)和油1對(duì)過(guò)敏性鼻炎和腸炎均有良好的抗敏作用，但其止癢效果不佳且會(huì)加重胸腺反應(yīng)；調(diào)和油2對(duì)過(guò)敏性鼻炎和腸炎抗過(guò)敏效果不佳同時(shí)又會(huì)加重腸道過(guò)敏癥狀，但其止癢效果良好且抗炎效果顯著。研究結(jié)果可指導(dǎo)患者在過(guò)敏期選用符合自身病情的調(diào)和油食用來(lái)改善過(guò)敏癥狀。

Objective To study the anti-allergic effects of different proportions of blend oil and explore the therapeutic effects of fatty acids on allergic diseases.Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,blended oil 1(fatty acid ratio was saturated fatty acid:ω-3:ω-6=1:1:1,5 mg/kg),blend oil 2(fatty acid ratio was saturated fatty acid:ω-3:ω-6=2:2:1,5 mg/kg),and dexamethasone (positive control,5 mg/kg) group.The mice in control and model group were given the same volume of physiological saline,and corresponding drugs were ig given to mice for 21 d continuously.On the 1st and 8th days of administration,except the control group,all mice in the other groups were sensitized by ip 100 μg OVA/100 μL adjuvant solution,0.1 mL for each mouse,and ip saline for control group.The allergic rhinitis model was established by intranasal drip of 10 mg/mL OVA solution on day 15-21 during administration,and the enteritis mice model was established by using ig 250 mg/mL,10 mL/kg OVA solution every other day.The allergic symptoms were observed and graded.Two days before the last stimulation,0.05 mL OVA (2 mg/mL) solution was injected into the footpad of mice,and 48 h later,the foot volume of each mouse was measured by foot volume recorder to calculate the foot swelling rate;The heart,spleen,kidney,liver,thymus,lung,small intestine,and colon were dissected and weighed,and the organ index was calculated.Results Compared with the model group,blend oil 1 significantly decreased the allergic rhinitis score (P< 0.05),but could not significantly reduce the times of scratching nose in mice;Blending oil 2 and dexamethasone significantly decreased the times of scratching nose in mice (P< 0.05),but the allergic rhinitis score was significantly increased (P< 0.05);Blending oil 1 and dexamethasone significantly reduced the intestinal allergy score and diarrhea score in mice (P< 0.05).However,the intestinal allergy score and diarrhea score were significantly increased by blending oil 2(P< 0.05);The foot swelling rate of mice in blending oil 1 group,blending oil 2 group,and dexamethasone group were significantly decreased (P< 0.05).Compared with the model group,the body mass of mice in the blended oil group 1 and 2 was increased significantly (P< 0.05);The heart index and thymus index in the blended oil group 1 were decreased significantly (P< 0.05);The heart index was significantly decreased and colon index was significantly increased in the blended oil group 2(P< 0.05).The spleen and thymus index of mice in dexamethasone group were decreased significantly,while the kidney,liver and lung index were increased significantly (P< 0.05).Conclusion Blend oil 1 has significant antiallergic effects on allergic rhinitis and enteritis,but its antipruritic effect was unsatisfactory and the risk of thymus reaction was increased;Blend oil 2 had an unsatisfactory effect on allergic rhinitis and enteritis,and it could increase the intestinal tract allergy symptoms,but it had good antipruritic and antiinflammatory effects.Thus,this study could guide patients to choose suitable blend oil to alleviate allergy symptoms by their own conditions during the allergic period.