目的 評價活血消異方對子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥（EMs）模型大鼠生育力、早期妊娠毒性的影響。方法 采用改良同種異體移植法建立大鼠EMs模型，造模大鼠隨機(jī)分為模型組和活血消異方低、高劑量（18、36 g/kg）組，行假手術(shù)操作的大鼠為假手術(shù)組，未經(jīng)過任何處理的大鼠為空白組。每天ig給藥1次，給藥體積1 mL/100 g，連續(xù)給藥至處死，空白組、假手術(shù)組、模型組同時ig等體積蒸餾水。給藥3周后，將各組雌鼠分別與平行喂養(yǎng)的雄鼠以2：1合籠交配，試驗期間每天觀察大鼠的活動、行為、步態(tài)和對外界的反應(yīng)情況，記錄死亡情況。孕6 d各組隨機(jī)選取17只大鼠處死，計算妊娠率；未孕大鼠進(jìn)行子宮硫化銨染色，確定是否有早期胚胎死亡。孕14 d各組隨機(jī)選取8只大鼠，脫頸處死，常規(guī)消毒后開腹，取出雙側(cè)子宮、卵巢觀察形態(tài)；縱行剖開子宮，記錄著床數(shù)及活胎數(shù)、死胎數(shù)、吸收胎數(shù)，計算活胎率、著床前丟失率、著床后丟失率；并在顯微鏡下觀察黃體數(shù)。結(jié)果 試驗期間各組大鼠的活動、行為、步態(tài)和對外界的反應(yīng)情況正常，各組間大鼠體質(zhì)量差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義；在規(guī)定合籠時間內(nèi)，各組妊娠率無明顯差異，各組大鼠均未出現(xiàn)早期胚胎死亡情況；模型組著床數(shù)、活胎數(shù)明顯少于空白組、假手術(shù)組，活血消異方低、高劑量組著床數(shù)、活胎數(shù)明顯多于模型組，差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P<0.05）；模型組著床前丟失率明顯高于空白組、假手術(shù)組，活血消異方低、高劑量組著床前丟失率明顯低于模型組，差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P<0.05）?；钛惙礁摺⒌蛣┝拷M黃體數(shù)、活胎數(shù)、著床數(shù)、死胎數(shù)、吸收胎數(shù)、活胎率、著床前丟失率、著床后丟失率與空白組比較無明顯差異。結(jié)論 EMs疾病本身可降低大鼠生育力，但不存在早期胚胎毒性；活血消異方可在一定程度上提高EMs大鼠生育力，且不存在早期胚胎毒性。

Objective To evaluate the effect of Huoxue Xiaoyi Prescription on the early pregnancy toxicity of rats with endometriosis.Methods The endometriosis model rats were established by modified allograft method.The model rats were randomly divided into model group,Huoxue Xiaoyi Prescription low and high dose groups (18,36 g/kg).The sham-operated rats were the sham-operated group,and the untreated rats were the blank group.The corresponding drugs were ig administered once daily with volume of 1 mL/100 g.The rats were administered to death continuously.The blank group,sham operation group and model group were administered distilled water at the same time.After 3 weeks of administration,female rats in each group were mated with parallel-fed male rats in a cage with rate of 2:1.Activity,behavior,gait and reaction to the outside world were observed daily during the experiment,and death was recorded.Seventeen rats in each group were killed at random on the 6th day of gestation to calculate the pregnancy rate.Unpregnant rats were stained with ammonium sulfide to determine whether there was early embryo death.Eight rats in each group were randomly selected on the 14th day of pregnancy and executed without cervix.After routine disinfection,the uterus and ovaries were opened to observe the morphology.The uterus was longitudinally dissected to record the number of live births,dead births,absorbed births,calculate the rate of live births,the rate of loss before and after implantation,and observe the number of corpus luteum under the microscope.Results During the experiment,the activity,behavior,gait and reaction to the outside world of rats in each group were normal,and there was no significant difference in body mass among groups;there was no significant difference in pregnancy rate among groups within the prescribed closure time,and no early embryo death occurred in each group;the number of implantation and live fetus in model group was significantly less than that in blank group and sham-operated group,and the number of implantation and live births in the Huoxue Xiaoyi Prescription of low and high dose group were significantly more than those in the model group (P<0.05),the loss rate before implantation in the model group was significantly higher than that in the blank group and the sham operation group,and the loss rate before implantation in the low and high dose groups of Huoxue Xiaoyi Prescription was significantly lower than that in the model group (P<0.05).The number of corpus luteum,live fetus,implantation number,stillbirth number,absorbed fetus number,live fetus rate,pre-implantation loss rate and post-implantation loss rate of Huoxue Xiaoyi Prescription group were not significantly different from those of blank group.Conclusion EMs can reduce the fertility of rats,but have no toxicity on the early embryo development of rats;Huoxue Xiaoyi Prescription can improve the fertility of EMs rats to a certain extent,and there is no toxicity to early embryos development of rats.

國家自然科學(xué)基金（81202714）；國家支撐計劃課題（2014BAI10B00）