道地藥材是中醫(yī)藥文化的精髓和中華民族文化的瑰寶，其道地性評(píng)價(jià)不僅關(guān)系中藥產(chǎn)業(yè)的科學(xué)健康發(fā)展，而且也是推動(dòng)中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和國(guó)際化的關(guān)鍵。近年來盲目引種致使道地產(chǎn)區(qū)道地藥材種質(zhì)資源產(chǎn)生了錯(cuò)亂等問題。因此，首先從歷史學(xué)角度綜述了道地藥材的發(fā)展歷程，其基本脈絡(luò)是古人以藥效為中心逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到產(chǎn)地、生境、形態(tài)、采收時(shí)節(jié)和部位、加工炮制方法、儲(chǔ)藏方法等因素對(duì)藥效的作用，進(jìn)而分別從“（本草）植物分類學(xué)”“遺傳學(xué)”“生態(tài)學(xué)”“栽培學(xué)”“炮制學(xué)”和“藥理學(xué)”等對(duì)道地性所蘊(yùn)含科學(xué)內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行解析；然后，在此基礎(chǔ)上，提出對(duì)某類藥材某個(gè)基因型（或品種）的道地性評(píng)價(jià)體系。該評(píng)價(jià)體系首先是根據(jù)主流本草考證、遺傳學(xué)、植物學(xué)、藥理學(xué)、化學(xué)和代謝組學(xué)等分析結(jié)果，確定某類藥材的“道地基因型居群”，并以此為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)此后該類藥材的某個(gè)基因型（或品種）進(jìn)行較為可靠的道地性評(píng)價(jià)，為植物藥材道地性的特征辨識(shí)、規(guī)范種植、品質(zhì)估測(cè)、道地評(píng)價(jià)、交易流通、綜合保護(hù)和持續(xù)利用提供理論依據(jù)與技術(shù)參考。

Genuine medicinal materials are the essence of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) culture and treasure of Chinese national culture, and its genuine evaluation is not only related to the healthy and scientific development of TCM industry, but also the key to promote the modernization and internationalization of TCM. In recent years, blind introduction of species has caused problems such as disorder in the germplasm resources of genuine medicinal materials in genuine producing areas. Therefore, this paper reviews the development history of genuine medicinal materials from perspective of historiography, which basic context is that the ancient people gradually realized the effects of origin, habitat, form, harvesting season and location, processing methods, storage methods, and other factors on medicinal effects with the drug effect as the center. Then the scientific connotation of genuineness in genuine medicinal materials was analyzed from the aspects of “(herbal) plant taxonomy”, “genetics”, “ecology”, “cultivation”, “processing”, and “pharmacology”. On this basis, a system was proposed for evaluating the genuineness of a certain genotype (or variety) of a certain type of herb. The initial stage of this evaluation system is to ascertain the “genuine genotype populations” of a specific type of genuine medicinal materials, based on the findings of mainstream herbological, genetic, botanical, pharmacological, chemical and metabolomic analyses. This is subsequently employed as a foundation for a more precise evaluation of the veracity of a specific genotype (or variety) of the same category of medicinal herb in the future. This system provides a theoretical foundation and technical reference for the identification of genuineness of plant medicinal materials, standardization of cultivation, quality estimation, genuineness evaluation, trading and circulation, comprehensive protection and sustainable utilization.

國(guó)家中藥材產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系山藥栽培技術(shù)崗位資助項(xiàng)目（CARS-21-02A）