目的 探討黃精屬Polygonatum Mill.6個(gè)產(chǎn)區(qū)3個(gè)種質(zhì)的遺傳多樣性及親緣關(guān)系。方法 以34份黃精屬種質(zhì)資源為供試材料，采用正交設(shè)計(jì)方法，優(yōu)化黃精屬目標(biāo)起始密碼子多態(tài)性-PCR（start codon targeted polymorphism-PCR，SCoT-PCR）反應(yīng)體系并篩選引物；并基于篩選出的引物對(duì)其進(jìn)行遺傳多樣性分析、遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)以及遺傳分化研究。結(jié)果 得到黃精屬SCoT-PCR最佳反應(yīng)體系，篩選出15條多態(tài)性較好的引物，多態(tài)性條帶比率為94.45%；在物種水平上，3個(gè)種質(zhì)的平均觀測(cè)等位基因數(shù)（observed number of alleles，N_a）、平均有效等位基因數(shù)（effective number of alleles，N_e）、平均Nei’s基因多樣性指數(shù)（Nei’s gene diversity index，H）、平均香農(nóng)指數(shù)（Shannon information index，I）分別為1.678 3、1.268 6、0.174 0、0.278 6，揭示群體間存在豐富的遺傳多樣性；聚類分析結(jié)果顯示，多花黃精與長(zhǎng)梗黃精聚成一類，表明親緣關(guān)系較近；卷葉黃精作為單獨(dú)分枝，其與另外2個(gè)種質(zhì)的親緣關(guān)系也較遠(yuǎn)；基因多樣度（total genetic diversity，H_t）、基因分化系數(shù)（gene diversity within population，H_s）、遺傳分化系數(shù)（coefficient of gene differentiation，G_st）、基因流（gene flow，N_m）分別為0.210 4、0.174 0、0.173 3、2.386 0，表明群體間存在較高水平的基因交流，AMOVA結(jié)果顯示84%遺傳差異來(lái)自于群體內(nèi)，16%遺傳差異來(lái)自于群體間；群體結(jié)構(gòu)分析表明，當(dāng)分析群體數(shù)（true number of clusters，K）為3時(shí)，34份材料可分為3個(gè)類群，且與聚類分析結(jié)果基本一致。結(jié)論 SCoT分子標(biāo)記可有效用于黃精屬不同種質(zhì)之間的親緣關(guān)系及遺傳多樣性分析，為黃精屬植物種質(zhì)資源的鑒定保護(hù)、開發(fā)利用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。

Objective To explore the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of three germplasms of Polygonatum from six regions in Hunan Province.Methods The SCoT-PCR reaction system was optimized and primers were screened by orthogonal design using 34 germplasm resources of Polygonatum. The genetic diversity, genetic structure and genetic differentiation were analyzed based on the selected primers. Results The optimal SCoT-PCR reaction system was obtained, and 15 primers with good polymorphism were selected, and the polymorphism band ratio was 94.45%. At the species level, the average observed allele number (N_a), average effective allele number (N_e), average Nei's gene diversity index (H) and average Shannon index (I) of the three germplasms were 1.678 3, 1.268 6, 0.174 0 and 0.278 6, respectively; The results of cluster analysis showed that polyflorin and polyflorin were clustered into one class, indicating that they were closely related. As a single branch, it is far related to the other two germplasm. total genetic diversity (H_t), gene diversity within population (H_s), coefficient of gene differentiation (G_st) and gene flow (N_m) were 0.210 4, 0.174 0, 0.173 3 and 2.386 0, respectively, indicating a high level of gene exchange among populations. The results of AMOVA showed that 84% of the genetic differences were within the population and 16% were between the populations. The analysis of population structure showed that 34 materials could be divided into three groups when the true number of clusters (K) was 3, which was basically consistent with the result of cluster analysis. Conclusion SCoT molecular markers can be used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among different germplasms, and provide a scientific basis for the identification, protection, development and utilization of germplasms.

R286.12

國(guó)家中藥材產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系食用百合龍山綜合試驗(yàn)站（CARS-21）;湖南省科技廳創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)與人才計(jì)劃（2023NK4141）;湖南中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)重點(diǎn)學(xué)科中藥學(xué)科項(xiàng)目（校行發(fā)規(guī)字[2023]2號(hào)）;湖南省科技創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃資助（2024RC8303）