針對天麻Gastrodiae Rhizoma有“祛風(fēng)通絡(luò)”功效而無相關(guān)藥性的不合理現(xiàn)狀，對天麻藥性進行再認識。收集古代和現(xiàn)代的中藥文獻48部，采用統(tǒng)計分析和“以效識性”分析，對天麻的主要藥性進行再認識。通過文獻統(tǒng)計分析，在35部古代本草文獻中，對天麻藥味、四氣、歸經(jīng)、毒性進行標注的分別為32、32、15、14（毒性全部標注為“無毒”）部。按文獻記載數(shù)量從高到低排序，選擇排序最高者，天麻的主要藥性為：味辛，性平，歸肝經(jīng)，無毒。按照“以效識性”思維對天麻息風(fēng)止痙、平抑肝陽、祛風(fēng)通絡(luò)的功效和治療眩暈、驚風(fēng)、痹病、頭風(fēng)等進行對應(yīng)藥性分析，認識到天麻的主要藥性為味辛、甘，性平，歸肝經(jīng)、無毒。結(jié)合現(xiàn)代天麻通過緩肝急而息風(fēng)止痙、平肝的認識，天麻甘味應(yīng)更突出，故天麻的主要藥性應(yīng)為味甘、辛，性平，歸肝經(jīng)，無毒。對于當今主流中藥著作記載天麻藥性時缺少“辛”味有不同觀點。建議深入研究，以求得在天麻藥性“辛”味認識的統(tǒng)一。

For the unreasonable status quo that Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) has the efficacy of “dispelling wind and dredging collaterals” without relevant medicinal properties, the medicinal properties of Gastrodiae Rhizoma were re-recognized. A total of 48 ancient and modern Chinese medicinal literatures were collected, and the statistical analysis and the analysis of “recognizing the properties by efficacy” were used to re-understand the main medicinal properties of Gastrodiae Rhizoma. Through literature statistical analysis, among 35 ancient Chinese herbal literatures, medicinal taste, four qi, meridians, and toxicity of Gastrodiae Rhizoma were annotated in 32, 32, 15, and 14 (all toxicity marked as “non-toxic”), respectively. Sort by the number of literature records in descending order, and select the one with the highest ranking, the main medicinal properties of Gastrodiae Rhizoma were as follows: pungent flavor, neutral nature, attributed to liver meridian, non-toxic. In accordance with the “recognizing properties by efficacy” thinking on Gastrodiae Rhizoma, the effects of extinguishing wind and stopping convulsions, pacifying and inhibiting liver yang, dispelling wind and dredging collaterals and treatment of vertigo, convulsions, impediment diseases, head wind and other applications were analyzed for the corresponding medicinal properties. It was recognized that the main medicinal properties of Gastrodiae Rhizoma were as follows: pungent flavor and sweet flavor, neutral nature, attributed to liver meridian, non-toxic. In light of the modern understanding that Gastrodiae Rhizoma calms the liver’s hyperactivity to extinguish wind and stop convulsions and pacify the liver, its sweet taste should be more prominent. Therefore, the main medicinal properties of Gastrodiae Rhizoma are as follows: sweet flavor and pungent flavor, neutral nature, attributed to liver meridian, non-toxic. There are different views regarding the lack of “pungent” flavor in the description of Gastrodiae Rhizoma’s properties in mainstream contemporary Chinese medicine works. It is recommended to conduct in-depth research to achieve a consensus on the recognition of the “pungent” flavor of Gastrodiae Rhizoma’s properties.

R282

國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目（82204639）