目的 運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)計量學(xué)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)的方法，對中醫(yī)“芳香辟穢”理論的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行闡釋，并對其作用機(jī)制進(jìn)行中醫(yī)理論與現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)效應(yīng)的解析與實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。方法 通過中國知網(wǎng)（CNKI）、萬方、維普等數(shù)據(jù)平臺，對“芳香辟穢”相關(guān)主題詞進(jìn)行現(xiàn)代研究文獻(xiàn)檢索和計量分析；通過芳香中藥的藥性分析，闡釋“芳香辟穢”應(yīng)用的中醫(yī)理論內(nèi)涵；通過芳香中藥香氣成分的網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)和分子對接分析，解析“芳香辟穢”的潛在生物效應(yīng)機(jī)制；通過艾葉和廣藿香揮發(fā)油對免疫低下大鼠模型鼻黏膜的作用，驗(yàn)證“芳香辟穢”的效應(yīng)。結(jié)果 “芳香辟穢”理論以香囊、芳香中藥（香者）、芳香性成分（香氣）、鼻黏膜免疫（正氣）為主要應(yīng)用形式、重要載體物質(zhì)、物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)和作用途經(jīng)，并主要應(yīng)用于病毒感染性疾病及疫病預(yù)防（除邪辟穢）。芳香中藥作為“芳香辟穢”理論應(yīng)用的載體物質(zhì)，整體藥性符合“香者氣之正，正氣盛則除邪辟穢也”的中醫(yī)理論內(nèi)涵，防御邪氣和扶助正氣為核心機(jī)制。芳香中藥的香氣成分與鼻黏膜具有生物靶點(diǎn)相關(guān)性，主要激發(fā)先天免疫效應(yīng)而發(fā)揮防御作用。木犀草素、山柰酚、5,8-二羥基-6,7-二甲氧基黃酮、傘形花內(nèi)酯、胡椒酚、5,7-二羥基香豆素、和厚樸酚、厚樸酚、蘇薺苧黃酮、6-去氫姜酮等黃酮類、香豆素類、木脂素類化合物與“芳香辟穢”關(guān)鍵靶點(diǎn)具有良好的結(jié)合性能，為該理論的核心物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。艾葉和廣藿香作為“芳香辟穢”理論實(shí)踐的代表性藥物，二者揮發(fā)油均可增強(qiáng)免疫低下大鼠鼻黏膜緊密連接蛋白（tight junction protein，TJ）中封閉蛋白（claudin）-1、4和7、閉合蛋白（occludin）和閉鎖小帶蛋白-1（zonula occludens-1，ZO-1）的表達(dá)，顯示對鼻黏膜物理屏障的保護(hù)和加強(qiáng)作用；能夠上調(diào)免疫低下大鼠鼻黏膜微褶細(xì)胞（M細(xì)胞）、自然殺傷細(xì)胞（NK細(xì)胞）、巨噬細(xì)胞、樹突狀細(xì)胞（DC細(xì)胞）及白細(xì)胞介素-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）、IL-1β、腫瘤壞死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-alpha，TNF-α）、γ-干擾素（interferon-γ，IFN-γ）等免疫細(xì)胞和效應(yīng)分子的表達(dá)，顯示對鼻黏膜免疫屏障的增強(qiáng)效應(yīng)；能夠增加血清中免疫球蛋白A（immunoglobulin A，IgA）、IgG、IgG1、IgG2a等抗體的含量，從而顯示對全身免疫的促進(jìn)作用。結(jié)論 中醫(yī)“芳香辟穢”理論的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵是“香者氣之正，正氣盛則除邪辟穢也”，鼻黏膜為其發(fā)揮作用的重要部位，先天免疫防御效應(yīng)為其核心機(jī)制。

Objective To explain the scientific connotation of the theory of “fragrance to avoid filth” in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and analyze its mechanism of action between TCM theory and modern medicine effect by using the methods of bibliometrics and network pharmacology with experimental verification. Methods Through platforms of CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, modern research literature retrieval and quantitative analysis on the keywords related to “fragrance to avoid filth” were carried out. Through the analysis of the medicinal properties of aromatic Chinese medicine, this paper explains the theoretical connotation of the application of “fragrance to avoid filth” in TCM. Through network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis of aromatic components of aromatic Chinese medicine, the potential biological effect of “fragrance to avoid filth” was analyzed. Through the effects of the volatile oil of Aiye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium) and Guanghuoxiang (Pogostemonis Herba) on the nasal mucosa in the rats of low immunity, the effect and mechanism of “fragrance to avoid filth” was verified. Results The theory of “fragrance to avoid filth” takes sachet, aromatic Chinese medicine (perfumer), aromatic components (fragrance) and nasal mucosa immunity (healthy qi) as the main applications, important carrier materials, material basis and action routes, and is mainly applied to viral infectious diseases and the prevention of epidemics (eliminating evil and purging filth). As the carrier material of application of the theory of “fragrance to avoid filth”, overall medicinal properties of aromatic Chinese medicine are in line with the theoretical connotation of “qi of aromatic substances is healthy qi, and the healthy qi is strong, so the evil is eliminated and the filth is avoided”, and preventing the evil and supporting the healthy qi is the core. There are target’s correlation between the aromatic components of aromatic Chinese medicine and the nasal mucosa, which can mainly stimulate innate immune effects and play a defensive role. Luteolin, kaempferol, 5,8-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone, skimmetin, chavicol, 5,7-dihydroxycoumarin, honokiol, magnolol, moschusflavone, 6-dehydrogingedione is the core components of aromatic Chinese medicine, which mainly is flavonoids, coumarins and lignans, and has good binding ability with the key targets of “fragrance to avoid filth”, and which is also the core material of this theory (aroma). As the representative drugs in theory and practice of “fragrance to avoid filth”, volatile oils of Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Pogostemonis Herba can enhance expression of claudin-1, claudin-4, claudin-7, occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) of tight junction proteins of nasal mucosa in rats with low immunity, which shows protection and enhancement to physical barrier. Both volatile oils can up-regulate expression of M cells, macrophages, NK cells, DC cells, and other immune cells and IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ and other effector of nasal mucosa in rats with low immunity, and show promotion to immune barrier. Both volatile oils can increase the content of antibodies such as IgA, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a of serum in rats with low immunity, and show enhancement to systemic immunity. Conclusion Scientific connotation of theory of “fragrance to avoid filth” in TCM is that “qi of aromatic substances is healthy qi, and the healthy qi is strong, so the evil is eliminated and the filth is avoided”. Nasal mucosa is an important part of its function, and innate immune defense effect is the core.

G350;R285

甘肅省高等學(xué)校創(chuàng)新基金項(xiàng)目（2022B-114）;甘肅省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（24JRRA1022）;甘肅省高校中（藏）藥化學(xué)與質(zhì)量研究省級重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金項(xiàng)目（zzy-2024-04）;甘肅省中藥藥理與毒理學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金項(xiàng)目（ZDSYS-KJ-2024-006）;甘肅中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化培育項(xiàng)目（2023CGZH-8）;甘肅中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)科技創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目（2021KCYB-8）