目的 為了解牛果藤屬種間葉性狀的多樣性差異，提高牛果藤屬優(yōu)異種質資源的選育和利用。方法 以5種牛果藤屬植物為研究對象，采用智能葉面積測量系統(tǒng)、紫外可見分光光度計和高效液相色譜（HPLC）測定形態(tài)和活性成分指標，并對數據進行描述性統(tǒng)計、方差分析和多重比較分析。結果 形態(tài)特征表明5種牛果藤屬植物種間（內）差異明顯，大齒牛果藤Nekemias grossedentata與牛果藤N. cantoniensis具有一回或兩回羽狀復葉，其他物種均為一回羽狀復葉，葉緣鋸齒以大齒牛果藤最明顯；該屬植物葉性狀除復葉葉柄長和小葉葉面積發(fā)生中等變異外，其余性狀均為弱變異，除小葉厚度外，其他性狀均存在顯著的種間差異，5個物種大齒牛果藤葉性狀最穩(wěn)定；葉活性成分以黃酮類化合物為主，種間差異顯著（P＜0.001），總黃酮含量在13.81%～38.67%，大齒牛果藤最高，是含量最低的牛果藤的78倍；二氫楊梅素、楊梅苷和楊梅素是該屬植物的主要成分。結論 牛果藤屬植物種間和種內呈現明顯的性狀多樣性，黃酮類化合物是該屬植物的主要成分，種類和含量因物種而異，研究結果為牛果藤屬植物資源的綜合利用提供理論依據。

Objective To understand the diversity differences of interspecific leaf traits of Nekemias, so as to facilitate the breeding and development of excellent germplasm resources of Nekemias. Methods Five species of Nekemias were taken as the research objects, and the morphological and active components were determined by intelligent leaf area measurement system, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and HPLC, and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, variance analysis and multiple comparative analysis. Results Morphological characteristics showed that there were obvious differences among the five species of Nekemias. N. grossedentata and N. Cantoniensis had one or two pinnate fronds, while other species all had one pinnate frond, and the serration of leaf margin was the most obvious in N. grossedentata. Except for the moderate variation of compound leaf petiole length and lobular leaf area, the other leaf traits of this genus were weak, and there were significant interspecific differences except lobular thickness, and the leaf traits of N. grossedentata of five species were the most stable; The active components in leaves were mainly flavonoids, with significant difference among species (P < 0.001). The content of total flavonoids was in the range of 13.81%—38.67%, and N. grossedentata ranked the highest, with 78 times of the lowest one, N. cantoniensis. Dihydromyricetin, myricitrin and myricetin were the main components of this genus. Conclusion There are obvious character diversity among and within species of Nekemias. Flavonoids are the main components of this genus, and the type and content vary from species to species. The research results provide theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of Nekemias plant resources.

R286.2

湖南省自然科學基金資助項目（2025JJ70626）;吉首大學研究生科研項目（Jdy23094）