根及根莖類(lèi)藥材在長(zhǎng)期的種植栽培中出現(xiàn)早抽薹開(kāi)花現(xiàn)象，嚴(yán)重影響藥材產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)，因此，急需通過(guò)現(xiàn)代生物技術(shù)手段解決早抽薹問(wèn)題。以所發(fā)表的研究論文、專(zhuān)著等為基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)《中國(guó)藥典》2020年版中根及根莖類(lèi)藥材抽薹相關(guān)的數(shù)量、抽薹對(duì)根及根莖類(lèi)藥材產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響、控制/促進(jìn)抽薹的方法、調(diào)控抽薹開(kāi)花的機(jī)制等方面的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行歸納和分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，《中國(guó)藥典》2020年版收錄的169種根及根莖類(lèi)藥材中，有75種與抽薹相關(guān)，其中，73種已報(bào)道了抽薹會(huì)影響產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)；總結(jié)抽薹對(duì)18種藥材生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、藥用成分和基因表達(dá)的影響；分析控制/促進(jìn)抽薹的方法和調(diào)控抽薹開(kāi)花的機(jī)制；同時(shí)，總結(jié)了甲基化調(diào)控藥用植物開(kāi)花的研究進(jìn)展，旨在為提高根及根莖類(lèi)藥材產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)提供有益參考。

Early bolting and flowering (EBF) are being occurred during the long-term cultivation of root- and rhizome-derived traditional Chinese medicines (RR-TCMs), which seriously affects the yield and quality, thus, EBF became a problem that needs to be solved as soon as possible through modern biotechnology. Here, based on previously published research articles and monographs, the research progress on the bolting number of RR-TCMs, the effects of EBF on yield and quality of RR-TCMs, the methods of controlling and enhancing EBF, the mechanism of regulating EBF listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Edition 2020) were summarized and analyzed. The results showed that 75 RR-TCMs were related to bolting in the 169 RR-TCMs listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and 73 RR-TCMs with the effects of EBF on yield and quality had been reported; the effects of EBF on growth and development, medical compounds, and genes expression of 18 RR-TCMs were summarized. The methods of controlling or enhancing the EBF as well as the mechanism of regulating the EBF were analyzed, meanwhile, the research progress of methylation regulating on the flowering of medical plants were summarized, with view to providing scientific references to improve the yield and quality of RR-TCMs.

R286.2

財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目（CARS-21）;國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（32160083）;國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（03123053）;甘肅省科技重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)（23ZDNK002）;甘肅省科技支撐項(xiàng)目（KJZC-2023-11）;甘肅省科技廳重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目（22YF7NA111）